Table 5.1-- GENERAL COASTLINE AND TIDAL SHORELINE OF HAWAII, BY COUNTY AND ISLAND
General
coastline 1/ Tidal shoreline 2/
Statute
Kilo- Statute Kilo-
County and island miles
meters 3/ miles meters 3/
State total ........ 750
1,207 1,052
1,693
Counties:
Hawaii ................. 266
428 313
504
Maui, including Kalawao 210
338 343
552
Honolulu ............... 137
220 234
377
Kauai .................. 137
220 162
261
Islands:
Hawaii ................. 266
428 313
504
Maui ................... 120
193 149
240
Kahoolawe .............. 29
47
36
58
Lanai .................. 47
76
52
84
Molokai ................ 88
142 106
171
Oahu ................... 112
180 209
336
Kauai .................. 90
145 110
177
Niihau ................. 45
72
50
80
1/ Figures are lengths of general outline of seacoast. Data for
the four islands of Maui County are not consistent with the reported county total.
2/ Shoreline of outer coast, offshore islands, bays, rivers, and
creeks is included to the head of tidewater or to a point where tidal waters narrow to a
width of 100 feet.
3/ Derived from data expressed in statute miles; independently
rounded and accordingly may not add exactly to indicated totals and subtotals. 1 mi. =
1.609 km.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Planning and Economic
Development, Hawai'i, the Natural Environment (1974), p.13; and State Department of
Business, Economic Development and Tourism, State of Hawaii Data Book, 1992 (March 1993),
table 134.
87
Table 5.2-- LAND AND WATER AREA OF COUNTIES: 1990
Measurement unit and State
Kala-
Hono-
type of area
total
Hawaii Maui
wao lulu Kauai
Square miles:
Land ................. 6,423.4 4,028.2
1,159.3 13.2 600.2
622.5
Inland water 1/ ...... 35.9
4.4 3.6
- 19.0
8.9
Territorial water 2/ . 4,472.4 1,054.3
1,236.0 39.1 1,507.8 635.1
Square Kilometers
Land ................. 16,636.5 10,433.1 3,002.5
34.2 1,554.5 1,612.2
Inland water 1/ ...... 92.9
11.5 9.3
- 49.2
22.9
Territorial water 2/ . 11,583.4 2,730.7 3,201.2
101.3 3,905.2 1,644.9
Acres
Land ................. 4,110,966 2,578,073 741,933
8,451 384,125 398,383
Inland water 1/ ...... 22,976
2,816 2,304
- 12,160 5,696
Territorial water 2/ . 2,862,336 674,752 791,040
25,024 964,992 406,464
1/ Lakes, streams, reservoirs, etc. Includes Pearl Harbor.
2/ Within three miles of coast.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Business, Economic Development
and Tourism, State of Hawaii Data Book, 1992 (March 1993), table 136.
Table 5.3-- LAND AREAS OF ISLANDS: 1990
Square
Square
Island
miles
1/ kilometers Acres 1/
State total .........
6,423.4 16,636.5
4,110,966
Hawaii ...................
4,028.2 10,433.1
2,578,073
Maui .....................
727.3
1,883.7
465,472
Molokini .................
0.036
0.093
23
Kahoolawe ................
44.6
115.5
28,543
Lanai ....................
140.5
364.0
89,946
Molokai ..................
260.0
673.5
166,425
Oahu .....................
597.1
1,546.5
382,148
Kauai ....................
552.3
1,430.5
353,484
Niihau ...................
69.5
179.9
44,455
Lehua ....................
0.444
1.149
284
Kaula ....................
0.247
0.640
158
Note and source on page
90.
88
Table 5.3-- LAND AREAS OF ISLANDS: 1990
(contd.)
1/ Areas in square miles and acres were calculated directly from
measurements in .001 square kilometer and independently rounded. 1 square mile = 640 acres
= 2.58999 square kilometers.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Business, Economic Development
and Tourism, State of Hawaii Data Book, 1992 (March 1993), table 137.
Table 5.4-- AREA OF DISTRICTS, HAWAII COUNTY
Square
District
miles
Acres
Hawaii County ..................... 4,035
2,582,400
Puna ................................... 508
325,120
South Hilo ............................. 398
254,720
North Hilo ............................. 277
177,280
Hamakua ................................ 636
407,040
North Kohala ........................... 128
81,920
South Kohala ........................... 274
175,360
North Kona ............................. 584
373,760
South Kona ............................. 229
146,560
Kau .................................... 1,001
640,640
Source: Hawaii County Department of Research and Development,
County of Hawaii Data Book, 1980 (December 1980), table 74.
90
Table 5.5-- ELEVATIONS OF MAJOR SUMMITS IN HAWAII, BY ISLAND
(Elevation of the highest point on each island and
other important peaks)
Island and summit
Feet
Meters
Hawaii:
Mauna Kea 1/ ....................... 13,796
4,205
Mauna Loa 2/ ....................... 13,679
4,169
Hualalai ........................... 8,271
2,521
Kaumu o Kaleihoohie ................ 5,480
1,670
Kilauea (Uwekahuna) ................ 4,093
1,248
Kilauea (Halemaumau Rim)............ 3,660
1,116
Kahoolawe:
Puu Moaulanui ...................... 1,483
452
Puu Moaulaiki ...................... 1,434
437
Molokini ............................. 160
49
Maui:
Haleakala (Red Hill) ............... 10,023
3,055
Haleakala (Kaupo Gap) .............. 8,201
2,500
Puu Kukui .......................... 5,788
1,764
Iao Needle ......................... 2,250
686
Lanai:
Lanaihale .......................... 3,366
1,026
Molokai:
Kamakou ............................ 4,961
1,512
Olokui ............................. 4,606
1,404
Kaunuohua .......................... 4,535
1,382
Kalaupapa Lookout .................. 1,600
488
Mauna Loa (Kukui) .................. 1,430
436
Oahu:
Kaala .............................. 4,003
1,220
Puu Kalena ......................... 3,504
1,068
Konahuanui ......................... 3,150
960
Tantalus ........................... 2,013
614
Olomana ............................ 1,643
501
Koko Crater (Kohelepelepe) ......... 1,208
368
Nuuanu Pali Lookout ................ 1,186
361
Diamond Head .......................
760
232
Koko Head ..........................
642
196
Punchbowl ..........................
500
152
Continued on next page.
91
Table 5.5-- ELEVATIONS OF MAJOR SUMMITS, BY ISLAND
(contd.)
Island and summit
Feet
Meters
Kauai:
Kawaikini .......................... 5,243
1,598
Waialeale .......................... 5,148
1,569
Namolokama Mountain ................ 4,421
1,348
Kalalau Lookout .................... 4,120
1,256
Haupu .............................. 2,297
700
Sleeping Giant (Nonou) ............. 1,241
378
Niihau:
Paniau ............................. 1,250
381
1/ According to the 1991 Guinness Book of World Records
(p. 142), "The world's tallest mountain measured from its submarine base (3,280
fathoms) in the Hawaiian Trough to peak is Mauna Kea ... with a combined height of 33,476
feet, of which 13,796 feet are above sea level."
2/ Guinness (p. 142-143) describes Mauna Loa as having
"dimensions, but not height, (which) exceed those of Mt. Everest ... The axes
of its elliptical base, 16,322 feet below sea level, have been estimated at 74 miles and
53 miles."
Source: Hawaii State Department of Business, Economic Development
and Tourism, State of Hawaii Data Book, 1992 (March 1993), table 140.
92
Table 5.6-- MAJOR STREAMS IN HAWAII, BY ISLAND: 1994
Length
or
average
Island
Feature
or stream discharge
Longest water feature (miles):
Hawaii ....................... Wailuku River ................
32.0
Maui ......................... Kalialinui-Waiale Gulch ......
18.0
Kahoolawe .................... Ahupu Gulch ..................
4.0
Lanai ........................ Maunalei-Waialala Gulch ......
12.9
Molokai ...................... Wailau-Pulena Stream .........
6.5
Oahu ......................... Kaukonahua Stream (So. Fork) .
33.0
Kauai ........................ Waimea River-Poomau Stream ...
19.5
Niihau ....................... Keanaulii-Puniopo Valley .....
5.9
Largest perennial stream
(miles): 1/
Hawaii ....................... Wailuku River ................
22.7
Maui ......................... Palikea Stream ...............
7.8
Molokai ...................... Wailau-Pulena Stream .........
6.5
Oahu ......................... Kaukonahua Stream ............
30.0
Kauai ........................ Waimea River .................
19.7
Streams with greatest average
discharge 2/(million gal/day):
Hawaii ....................... Wailuku River ................
250
Maui ......................... Iao Stream ...................
45
Molokai ...................... Wailau Stream ................
30
Oahu ......................... Waikele Stream ............... 3/
27
Kauai ........................ Hanalei River ................
140
1/ Estimated on basis of drainage area rather than stream runoff.
Other major streams include Wailoa River, Hawaii (1/2-mile long); Honokohau Stream (9.4
miles long) and Iao Stream (5), both on Maui; Halawa Stream (6.4), Waikolu Stream (4.7),
and Pelekunu (2.3), all on Molokai; Waikele Stream (15.3), Kipapa Stream (12.8),
Waiakakalaua Stream (11.8), Nuuanu Stream (4), and Ala Wai Canal (1.9), all on Oahu; and
the Makaweli River (15.1), Wainiha River (13.8), Hanapepe River (13.3), and Wailua River
(11.8), all on Kauai.
2/ Most recent available year.
3/ Most of discharge is from nearby groundwater outflow.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Business, Economic Development
and Tourism, State of Hawaii Data Book, 1993-94 (June 1994), table 5.11.
93
Table 5.7-- LAKES AND LAKE-LIKE WATERS IN HAWAII, BY ISLAND: 1994
Maximum
Elevation
Area 1/ depth
Island and lake
Type
(feet) (acres)
(feet)
Hawaii:
Green Lake ......... Lake
3
2 20
Lake Waiau 2/ ...... Lake
13,020
2 10
Waiakea Pond ....... Tidal pond
SL
27 7
Maui:
Kanaha Pond ........ Marsh
SL
41 3
Kealia Pond ........ Marsh
SL
500 NA
Waieleele .......... Pond
6,690
0.5 21
Molokai:
Kauhako ............ Pool
SL
0.9 814
Kualapuu Reservoir . Reservoir
821
100 50
Meyer Lake ......... Impoundment
2,021 6-10
5
Oahu:
Ho'omaluhia ........ Reservoir
202
90 90
Kaelepulu Pond ..... Lake
SL
198 NA
Kawainui Marsh ..... Marsh
SL
1,000 NA
Wahiawa Reservoir .. Reservoir
842
302 85
Kauai:
Nomilu Fishpond .... Pond
SL
20 66
Waita Reservoir .... Reservoir
241
424 23
Niihau:
Halalii Lake ....... Playa
SL
841-865 NA
Halulu Lake ........ Playa
SL
182-371 NA
Laysan:
Laysan Lagoon ...... Closed Lagoon
SL 161
16
SL = Sea level.
1/ Ranges shown for Meyer Lake, Halalii Lake, and Halulu Lake
reflect differences in estimates between sources.
2/ Highest lake in the State and third highest in the United
States.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Business, Economic Development
and Tourism, State of Hawaii Data Book, 1993-94 (June 1994), table 5.12.
94
Table 5.8-- MAJOR NAMED WATERFALLS IN HAWAII, BY ISLAND
Height
(feet) Hori- Average
zontal
discharge
distance
(million
Island Waterfall 1/
Sheer drop Cascade (feet)
gal./day)
Hawaii .. Kaluahine .......... ...
620 400
...
Akaka ..............
442 ...
... ...
Waiilikahi .........
320 ...
... 6.6
Hiilawe (3 falls) ..
... 300
200 ...
Rainbow ............
... 80
150 303.5
Maui .... Honokohau .......... ...
1,120 500
26.6
Waihiumalu .........
... 400
150 ...
Waimoku ............
... 40
50 37.1
Molokai . Kahiwa ............. ...
1,750 1,000
...
Papalaua ...........
... 1,200
500 ...
Wailele ............
... 500
150 ...
Haloku .............
... 500
200 ...
Hipuapua ...........
... 500
300 ...
Olupena ............
... 300
150 ...
Moaula .............
... 250
200 19.7
Oahu .... Kaliuwaa (Sacred) 2/ 80
1,520 3,000
...
Waihee (Waimea) ....
80 ...
... 5.6
Manoa ..............
... 200
250 2.4
Kauai ... Waipoo (2 falls) ... ...
800 600
...
Awini ..............
... 480
500 ...
Hinalele ...........
280 ...
... ...
Kapakanui ..........
280 ...
... ...
Manawaiopuna .......
280 ...
... ...
Wailua .............
80 ...
... ...
Opaekaa ............
40 ...
... ...
Puwainui ...........
20 ...
... 90.9
1/ Includes the largest named waterfall in each major island,
either in height or average discharge; all other named falls 250 feet high or over; and
well-known small falls. Many unnamed falls have sheer drops of 200 feet or more.
2/ Sheer drop refers to northernmost fall of a cascade of six
falls.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Planning and Economic
Development, Hawai'i, the Natural Environment (1974), p.18.
95
Table 5.9-- MISCELLANEOUS GEOGRAPHIC STATISTICS FOR HAWAII, BY ISLAND
Miles
of
sea
cliffs
Percent
with
Miles from of area
Extreme
Extreme heights coast of
within 5
length
width 1,000 ft. most remote
miles of
Island (miles) (miles)
or more point
coast
State .... ...
...
33
28.5
48.6
Hawaii ...... 93
76
4
28.5
30.0
Maui ........ 48
26
-
10.6
76.1
Kahoolawe ... 11
6
-
2.4
100.0
Lanai ....... 18
13
-
5.2
100.0
Molokai ..... 38
10
14
3.9
100.0
Oahu ........ 44
30
-
10.6
79.0
Kauai ....... 33
25
11
10.8
65.0
Niihau ...... 8
6
3
2.4
100.0
Percent
of area with
Percent
of area
elevation
with
slope
Approx.
mean
Less
than 2,000 ft. altitude Less than 20 percent
Island 500 ft. or more
(feet) 10 percent or more
State .... 20.8 50.9
3,030 6.35
17.0
Hawaii ...... 12.0 68.4
3,950 76.0
4.0
Maui ........ 24.9 41.4
2,390 38.5
36.0
Kahoolawe ... 38.9
0
600
60.0
9.0
Lanai ....... 24.8 6.3
1,140 61.0
16.0
Molokai ..... 37.3 17.8
1,150 53.0
26.0
Oahu ........ 45.3 4.6
860
42.5
45.5
Kauai ....... 35.6 24.0
1,380 33.5
50.5
Niihau ...... 78.2
0
530
68.0
12.5
Source: Hawaii State Department of Business, Economic Development
and Tourism, State of Hawaii Data Book, 1992 (March 1993), table 145.
96
Table 5.10-- VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ON HAWAII ISLAND: 1967 TO 1994
(Complete through October 17, 1995)
Volcano and
Duration
Area
Volume
date of outbreak (days)
(sq. miles) (cubic yards)
Kilauea:
1967: Nov. 5 ....... 251
0.25
110,000,000
1968: Aug. 22 ...... 5
0.01
50,000
Oct. 7 .......
15
0.8
9,000,000
1969: Feb. 22 ...... 6
2.3
22,000,000
May 24 .......
867
19.3
242,000,000
1971: Aug. 14 ...... 1
0.8
12,000,000
Sept. 24 .....
5
1.5
10,500,000
1972: Feb. 4 ....... 455
13.5
163,800,000
1973: May 5 ........ 1
0.1
1,600,000
Nov. 10 ......
30
0.4
3,700,000
Dec. 12 ......
203
3.1
39,300,000
1974: July 19 ...... 3
1.2
9,000,000
Sept. 19 .....
1
0.4
14,000,000
Dec. 31 ......
1
2.9
19,600,000
1975: Nov. 29 ...... 1
0.1
300,000
1977: Sept. 13 ..... 18
3.0
45,000,000
1979: Nov. 16 ...... 1
0.1
800,000
1982: April 30 ..... 1
0.1
260,000
Sept. 25 .....
1
0.3
3,900,000
1983: Jan. 3 1/ ... 4,671
35.0
1,665,000,000
Mauna Loa:
1975: July 5 ....... 1
5.2
35,000,000
1984: March 25 ..... 22
11+
230,000,000
1/ Still in progress, October 17, 1995. As of that time, there
have been 53 separate episodes. These had destroyed 181 housing units and added over
500 acres to the area of the island.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Planning and Economic
Development, Hawai'i, the Natural Environment (1974), p.22; Hawaii State Department of
Business and Economic Development, State of Hawaii Data Book, 1988 (November 1988), table
151; and Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, records.
97
Table 5.11-- EARTHQUAKES OF MAGNITUDE 5 OR GREATER:
1973 TO 1994
(Complete to December 31, 1994)
Magnitude
(Richter
Date and time
Location
scale)
1973: Apr. 26 ............ Honomu, Hawaii ...........
6.2
Oct. 9 ............. Hawaii
................... 4.8-5
1974: Nov. 30 ............ Hawaii ................... 5.5-6
1975: Jan. 2, 3:27 AM .... Near Pahala, Hawaii ......
5.0
Nov. 29, 3:35 AM ... Puna, Hawaii
............. 5.7
Nov. 29, 4:47 AM ... Puna, Hawaii
............. 7.2
1976: Feb. 20, 7:51 AM ... Between Maui and Hawaii ..
5.1
1977: Jan. 22, 12:36 PM .. 100 miles S. of Kauai ....
5.1
Apr. 20, 6:49 PM ... Hamakua, Hawaii
.......... 5.0
Jun. 5, 11:42 PM ... Puna, Hawaii
............. 5.1
1979: Mar. 29, 11:06 PM .. 40 miles S.W. of Oahu ....
5.5
Sept. 21, 9:59 PM .. Puna, Hawaii
............. 5.5
1981: Mar. 5, 4:09 AM .... Molokai area .............
5.3
Nov. 10, 3:02 AM ... Kilauea, Hawaii
.......... 5.3
1982: Jan. 21, 11:52 AM .. Mauna Loa, Hawaii ........
5.5
Jan. 21, 12:29 PM .. Mauna Loa, Hawaii
........ 5.5
May 14, 6:26 AM .... Off Kawaihae, Hawaii
..... 5.0
1983: Mar. 20, 5:18 PM ... Off Kalapana, Hawaii .....
5.0
Sept. 9, 6:30 AM ... Off Kalapana, Hawaii
..... 5.4
Nov. 16, 6:13 AM ... S.E. flank of Mauna
Loa .. 6.7
1984: Jun. 8, 5:34 PM .... 80 miles S. of Honolulu ..
5.3
1986: Apr. 26, 7:19 AM ... 28 miles N.E. of Maui ....
5.1
1987: Feb. 3, 4:22 PM .... 26 miles S. of Kahoolawe .
5.0
1988: Mar. 24, 2:30 PM ... 30 miles S. of Kahoolawe .
5.0
Mar. 27, 5:33 PM ... 30 miles S. of
Kahoolawe . 5.5
June 7, 12:49 PM ... S. Flank of Kilauea
...... 5.0
July 3, 7:38 PM .... Near Pahala
.............. 5.3
1989: June 25, 5:27 PM ... S. Flank of Kilauea ......
6.1
Dec. 27, 11:13 PM .. S. Flank of Kilauea
...... 5.1
1990: Aug. 8, 4:06 PM .... Kilauea East Rift Zone ...
5.0
1991: May 8, 8:21 AM ..... Off Kealakekua ...........
5.5
Dec. 9, 1:14 PM .... Off South Point
.......... 5.2
1993: Jan. 3, 5:24 AM .... Pahala ...................
5.0
1994: Feb. 1, 1:00 AM .... S. Flank of Kilauea ......
5.2
Source: Hawaii State Department of Business, Economic Development
and Tourism, State of Hawaii Data Book, 1990 (November 1990), table 141; and Hawaiian
Volcano Observatory, records.
98
Table 5.12-- TSUNAMIS WITH RUN-UP OF 2 METERS (6.6 FEET) OR MORE
1946 TO 1993
(Complete to January 13, 1993)
Maximum
height in Hawaii
Deaths
Damage in
in
Hawaii
Date
Meters
Feet Hawaii
(dollars)
1946: April 1 ... 17.0
55.8
159 26,000,000
1952: Nov. 4 .... 6.1
20.0
- 1,000,000
1957: March 9 ... 16.0
52.5
- 5,000,000
1960: May 22 .... 10.5
34.5
61 23,000,000
1964: March 27 .. 4.8
15.7
-
67,590
1975: Nov. 29 ... 14.6
48.0
2 1,500,000
Source: Hawaii State Department of Business, Economic Development
and Tourism, State of Hawaii Data Book, 1993-94 (June 1994), table 5.16.
99
Table 5.13-- WATER QUALITY AT SPECIFIED NEARSHORE AREAS,
HAWAII COUNTY: 1994
Number
of Enterococcus
Sampling stations
samples
density 1/
Hilo:
Coconut Island ..................... 11
3.3
Exit of Ice Pond ................... 12
8.2
Hilo Bay (boat landing) ............ -
-
Hilo Bay (lighthouse) .............. 12
13.0
Hilo Bay (Mooheau Park) ............ -
-
Hilo Bay (offshore) ................ -
-
Hilo Bay (canoe beach) ............. 10
15.7
Honolii Cove (ocean) ............... 11
24.0
Kapoho beach lots #1 ............... 11
4.6
Keaukaha beach - 4 miles ........... -
-
Kolekole Gulch (stream) ............ 11
168.2
Laupahoehoe Point (boat ramp) ...... -
-
Leleiwi Beach Park ................. 11
2.9
Onekahakaha Beach (swimming area) .. 3
1.4
Pohoiki ............................ 11
2.3
Puhi Bay #3 ........................ 10
2.7
Richardson Ocean Center ............ 11
2.4
Waiakea Mill pond .................. -
-
Wailoa River (boat ramp) ........... 6
17.9
Kona:
Banyan's surfing area .............. 9
7.6
Hapuna Beach ....................... 7
1.1
Honuapo landing .................... 7
1.3
Kahaluu Beach ...................... 13
2.9
Kailua Pier station A .............. 12
3.6
Kailua Pier station B .............. 13
2.1
Kailua Pier station C .............. 13
1.7
Kawaihae Harbor pier ............... 6
1.6
Kealakekua Bay (off canoe landing) . 4
2.1
Kealakekua Bay (off curio stand) ... 3
2.2
Keauhou Bay ........................ 10
5.5
Kona Hilton (shoreline) ............ 13
1.6
Magic Sands Beach .................. 12
1.2
Mauna Kea Beach Hotel (4th green) .. 6
1.6
Mauna Kea Beach Hotel (beach) ...... 6
1.0
Puako Beach lots (far end of lot) .. 5
3.2
Puako Beach lots (middle of lot) ... 5
2.6
Punaluu ............................ 6
1.5
Spencer Beach Park ................. 6
2.0
1/ Geometric mean, number per 100 ml. The geometric mean standard
for enterococci density is 7 per 100 ml.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Health, Clean Water Branch,
records.
101
Table 5.14-- TEMPERATURES AND PRECIPITATION FOR SELECTED PLACES,
HAWAII COUNTY: 1994
Extreme
Average
tempera- &