GENERAL PLAN
ORDINANCE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 3. STATEMENT OF ASSUMPTION
SECTION 4. GOALS, POLICIES AND STANDARDS
ECONOMIC
ENERGY
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE
HISTORIC SITES
NATURAL BEAUTY
NATURAL RESOURCES AND SHORELINE
HOUSING
PUBLIC FACILITIES
Education
Protective Services
Government Operations
Health and Sanitation
PUBLIC UTILITIES
Water
Telephone
Electricity
Gas
Sewer
RECREATION
TRANSPORTATION
Thoroughfares and Streets
Transportation Terminals
LAND USE
Agriculture
Commercial
Industrial
Multiple Residential
Single Family Residential
Resort
Open Space
Public Lands
SECTION 5. COURSES OF ACTION
PUNA
SOUTH HILO
NORTH HILO
HAMAKUA
NORTH KOHALA
SOUTH KOHALA
NORTH KONA
SOUTH KONA
KAU
SECTION 6. AMENDMENT PROCEDURES
Comprehensive Review
Interim Amendments
Rules and Regulations
SECTION 7. LAND USE PATTERN ALLOCATION GUIDE MAP
(Exhibits A, D and E)
SECTION 8. FACILITIES MAP (Exhibit B)
SECTION 9. GENERAL PLAN SUPPORT DOCUMENT (Exhibit C)
REPEAL
SECTION 11. SEVERABILITY
SECTION 12. EFFECTIVE DATE
AN ORDINANCE ADOPTING THE COUNTY OF HAWAII GENERAL PLAN AND REPEALING ORDINANCE NO. 439, AS AMENDED.
BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWAII:
SECTION 1. Purpose. It is the purpose of this ordinance to adopt by ordinance a General Plan in compliance with Section 3-16, Hawaii County Charter.
SECTION 2. Requirements. Section 3-16, Hawaii County Charter, mandates that the General Plan contain the following:
"A statement of development objectives, standards and principles with respect to the most desirable use of land within the county for residential, recreational, agricultural, commercial, industrial and other purposes which shall be consistent with proper conservation of natural resources and the preservation of our natural beauty and historical sites; the most desirable density of population in the several parts of the county; a system of principal thoroughfare, highways, streets, public access to the shorelines, and other open spaces; the general locations, relocations and improvements of public buildings, the general location and extent of public utilities and terminals, whether publicly or privately owned, for water, sewers, light, power, transit, and other purposes; the extent and location of public housing projects; adequate drainage facilities and control; air pollution; and such other matter as may, in the council's judgment, be beneficial to the social, economic, and governmental conditions and trends and shall be designed to assure the coordinated development of the county and to promote the general welfare and prosperity of its people.
SECTION 3. Statement of Assumptions. The following Assumptions were the basis by which the General Plan was developed:
1. Agriculture
Agricultural employment, especially in the sugar industry has been declining over the past ten years. At best, employment in the sugar industry is projected to decline slowly if normal attrition through retirement continues. Alternatively, national and international economic and political forces could result in the demise of the industry. Factors affecting this decline will be the expansion and labor demands of the macadamia nut, papaya, flower and other diversified agricultural industries.
2. Tourism
The County's visitor industry is poised for rapid expansion, and employment in tourism is expected to increase substantially.
3. Other Basic Industries
There is tremendous potential for expansion in other industries such as aquaculture, astronomy, renewable energy, and research-development.
SECTION 4. Council Policies, Statement of Development Objectives, Standards and Principles. The Council's policies for the long-range comprehensive physical development of the county and the statements of development objectives, standards and principles with respect to the most desirable use of land within the county are set forth as follows:
A. ECONOMIC
GOALS
o Provide residents with opportunities to improve their quality of life.
o Economic development and improvement shall be in balance with the physical and social environments of the island of Hawaii.
o The County of Hawaii shall strive for diversity and stability in its economic system.
o The County shall provide an economic environment which allows new, expanded, or improved economic opportunities that are compatible with the County's natural and social environment.
POLICIES
o The County of Hawaii shall assist the expansion of the agricultural industry, especially diversified agriculture, through the protection of important agricultural lands, capital improvements and other programs, and continued cooperation with appropriate State and Federal agencies.
o The County of Hawaii shall strive for an economic climate which provides its residents an opportunity for choice of occupation.
o The County of Hawaii shall continue to encourage the expansion of the research and development industry by working with and supporting the university, private sector, and other agencies' programs developed to aid the County of Hawaii.
o The County of Hawaii shall encourage the development of a visitor industry which is consistent with the social, physical, and economic goals of the residents of the County.
o The County shall require a study of the significant social and physical impact of large developments prior to approval.
o The County of Hawaii shall strive for diversification of its economy by strengthening existing industries and attracting new endeavors.
o The County shall encourage the expansion of the fishing industry, various forms of aquaculture, and other fresh and ocean water-based activities.
o The County shall support all levels of educational opportunities and institutions for its residents.
o The County of Hawaii shall study the feasibility of establishing a business development loan program.
o The County's capital improvements program should improve the quality of existing commercial and industrial areas.
o The County of Hawaii's land, water, air, sea, and people shall be considered as essential economic resources for present and future generations and should be protected and enhanced through the use of economic incentives.
o The County shall strive for full employment.
o The County of Hawaii shall encourage the research, development and implementation of advanced technologies and processes in existing and potential economic endeavors.
o The County shall continue to encourage development and utilization of by-products from alternate energy conversion projects.
o The County shall conduct a re-evaluation of all economic goals and policies, particularly in the area of tourism, coincident with any County-initiated overall land use acreage allocation and General Plan review.
o The County shall identify and encourage primary industries that are consistent with the social, physical, and economic goals of the residents of the County.
o An active liaison between the County and the private sector should be encouraged with respect to the County's requirements for establishing business on the island.
o The County of Hawaii shall encourage the continuing development of the retirement industry.
o The County shall support efforts to stabilize and maintain the viability of the sugar industry.
o The County shall promote a distinctive identity for the island of Hawaii to enable government, business and travel industries to promote the County of Hawaii as an entity separate and unique within the State of Hawaii.
STANDARDS
o The island of Hawaii should be developed into a unique scientific and cultural model. The island should become a model of living where economic gains are in balance with social and physical amenities. Development should be reviewed on the basis of total impact on the residents of the County, not only in terms of immediate short run economic benefits.
o New industries which provide favorable benefit-cost relationships to the people of the County should be encouraged. Benefit-cost relationships as used here include more than fiscal considerations.
B. ENERGY
GOALS
o Strive towards energy self-sufficiency for Hawaii County.
o Establish the Big Island as a demonstration community for the development and use of natural energy resources.
POLICIES
o The County shall encourage the development of alternate energy resources.
o The County shall encourage the expansion of energy research industry.
o The County shall strive to educate the public on new energy technologies and foster attitudes and activities conducive to energy conservation.
o The County shall ensure a proper balance between the development of alternative energy resources and the preservation of environmental fitness and ecologically significant areas.
o The County shall strive to assure a sufficient supply of energy to support present and future demands.
o The County shall provide incentives which will encourage the use of new energy sources and promote energy conservation.
o The County shall seek funding from both government and private sources for research and development of alternative energy resources.
o The County shall coordinate energy research and development efforts of both the government and private sectors.
o The County shall encourage the continuation of studies concerning the development of power which can be distributed at lower costs to consumers.
o The County shall encourage the study of the effects of discharging heated water directly into the ocean.
o The County shall encourage the development of geothermal resources to meet the energy needs of the County of Hawaii.
STANDARD
o New power plants shall incorporate devices which minimize pollution.
C. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
GOAL
o Maintain and, if feasible, improve the existing environmental quality of the island.
POLICIES
o The County of Hawaii shall take positive action to further maintain the quality of the environment for residents both in the present and in the future.
o Minimum controls are established by the Federal and State governments; through its powers the County shall reinforce and strengthen established standards where it is necessary, principally by initiating, recommending, and adopting ordinances pertaining to the control of pollutants which affect the environment.
o The County should keep apprised of and advise the public of environmental conditions and research undertaken about the island's environment.
o Encourage the concept of recycling agricultural and municipal waste material.
o The County shall encourage the State to establish air and water quality monitoring stations in areas of existing and potential urban growth.
STANDARDS
o Pollution shall be prevented, abated, and controlled at levels which will protect and preserve the public health and well-being, through the enforcement of appropriate Federal, State and County standards.
o Environmental quality controls are to be incorporated either as standards in appropriate ordinances or as conditions of approval.
o Federal and State environmental regulations shall be adhered to.
D. FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE
GOALS
o Conserve scenic and natural resources.
o Protect human life.
o Prevent damage to man-made improvements.
o Control pollution.
o Prevent damage from inundation.
o Reduce surface water and sediment runoff.
POLICIES
o In areas vulnerable to severe damage due to the impact of wave action, restrictive land use and building structure regulations must be enacted relative to the potential for loss of life and property. Only uses which cannot be located elsewhere due to public necessity and character, such as maritime activities and the necessary public facilities and utilities, would be allowed in these areas.
o The County shall continue to review land use policy as it relates to flood plain, high surf, and tsunami hazard areas.
o The County of Hawaii shall update and improve the FIRM and floodway maps in compliance with Chapter 27 as needed.
o The County shall promote participation in the Soil and Water Conservations Districts' conservation programs for developments on agricultural and conservation lands.
o The "Drainage Master Plan for the County of Hawaii" shall be reviewed and updated to incorporate new studies available and to reflect newly identified priorities.
o All development-generated runoff shall be disposed of in a manner acceptable to the Department of Public Works.
o The County shall develop a comprehensive program for the coordinated construction of a drainage network along a single drainage system.
o The County shall explore new methods of funding for the provision of adequate drainage systems.
o It is the responsibility of both the government and the private sector to maintain and improve existing drainage systems and to construct new drainage facilities.
o The County shall continue to promote public education programs on tsunami hazards.
STANDARDS
o "Storm Drainage Standards," County of Hawaii, October, 1970, and as revised.
o Applicable standards and regulations of Chapter 27, "Flood Control," of the Hawaii County Code.
o Applicable standards and regulations of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
o Applicable standards and regulations of Chapter 10, "Erosion and Sedimentation Control," of the Hawaii County Code.
E. HISTORIC SITES
GOALS
o Protect and enhance the sites, buildings and objects of significant historical and cultural importance to Hawaii.
o Access to significant historic sites, buildings and objects of public interest should be made available.
POLICIES
o Agencies and organizations, either public or private, pursuing knowledge about historic sites should keep the public apprised of projects.
o The County of Hawaii shall incorporate sections to evaluate, manage, or protect historic sites, buildings and objects into appropriate ordinances.
o The County of Hawaii shall require both public and private developers of land to provide a historical survey prior to the clearing or development of land when there are indications that the land under consideration has historical significance.
o Public access to significant historic sites and objects shall be acquired.
o The County of Hawaii shall embark on a program of restoring significant historic sites on County lands. Through a joint effort with the State, the County can assure the protection and restoration of sites on other public lands.
o The County of Hawaii shall encourage the restoration of significant sites on private lands.
o The County of Hawaii shall collect and distribute historic sites information of public interest and in conjunction with the State, keep a current inventory of sites.
o The County shall also aid in the development of a program of public education concerning historic sites.
o Signs explaining historic sites, buildings and objects shall be in keeping with the character of the area or the cultural aspects of the feature.
o The County of Hawaii shall develop a continuing program to evaluate the significance of historic sites.
STANDARDS
The evaluation of the importance of specific historic sites is necessary for future action. The following standards establish a framework for evaluating sites.
o Importance in the life or activities of a major historic person.
o Associated with a major group or organization in the history of the island or community.
o Associated with a major historic event (cultural, economic, military, social, or political).
o Associated with a major recurring event in the history of the community (such as annual celebrations).
o Associated with a past or continuing institution which has contributed substantially to the life of the community.
o Unique example of a particular style or period.
o One of the few of its age remaining.
o Original materials and/or workmanship which can be valued in themselves.
o Sites with a preponderance of original materials in context and complexes rather than single isolated sites unless they are of great significance.
o Sites of traditional and cultural significance.
F. NATURAL BEAUTY
GOALS
o Protect, preserve and enhance the quality of areas endowed with natural beauty, including the quality of coastal scenic resources.
o Protect scenic vistas and view planes from becoming obstructed.
o Maximize opportunities for present and future generations to appreciate and enjoy natural and scenic beauty.
POLICIES
o Increase public pedestrian access opportunities to scenic places and vistas.
o The County of Hawaii shall establish view plane regulations to preserve and enhance views of scenic or prominent landscapes from specific locations, and coastal aesthetic values.
o The County of Hawaii shall maintain a continuing program to identify, acquire and develop viewing sites on the island.
o Access easement to public or private lands which have natural or scenic value shall be provided or acquired for the public.
o Standard criteria for natural and scenic beauty shall be developed as part of design plans.
o The County shall consider structural setback from major thoroughfares and highways and shall establish development and design guidelines to protect important viewplanes.
o The County of Hawaii shall maintain a continuing program to identify exceptional trees or tree masses.
STANDARDS
The following standards provide guidelines for designating sites and vistas of extraordinary natural beauty which shall be protected.
o Distinctive and identifiable landforms distinguished as landmarks, e.g. Mauna Kea, Waipio Valley.
o Coastline areas of striking contrast, e.g. Laupahoehoe Point.
o Vistas of distinctive features.
o Natural or native vegetation which makes a particular area attractive.
o Areas which are harmoniously developed and enhanced by man so as to appear natural.
G. NATURAL RESOURCES AND SHORELINE
GOALS
o Protect and conserve the natural resources of the County of Hawaii from undue exploitation, encroachment and damage.
o Provide opportunities for the public to fulfill recreational, economic, and educational needs without despoiling or endangering natural resources.
o Protect and promote the prudent use of Hawaii's unique, fragile, and significant environmental and natural resources.
o Protect rare or endangered species and habitats native to Hawaii.
o Protect and effectively manage Hawaii's open space, watersheds, and natural areas.
o Ensure that alterations to existing land forms and vegetation, except crops, and construction of structures cause minimum adverse effect to water resources, and scenic and recreational amenities and minimum danger of floods, landslides, erosion, siltation, or failure in the event of earthquake.
POLICIES
o The County of Hawaii should require users of natural
resources to conduct their activities in a manner that avoids or minimizes adverse effects on the environment.
o The County shall encourage a program of collection and dissemination of basic data concerning natural resources.
o The shoreline of the island of Hawaii shall be maintained for recreational, educational, and/or scientific uses in a manner that is protective of resources and is of the maximum benefit to the general public.
o The shoreline shall be protected from the encroachment of man-made improvements and structures.
o The County shall coordinate programs to protect natural resources with other government agencies.
o The County shall investigate methods of beach replenishment and sand erosion control.
o The County shall promote sound management and development of Hawaii's land and marine resources for potential economic benefit.
o The County shall encourage public and private agencies to manage the natural resources in a manner that avoids or minimizes adverse effects on the environment and depletion of energy and natural resources to the fullest extent.
o The County shall encourage an overall conservation ethic in the use of Hawaii's resources by protecting, preserving, and conserving the critical and significant natural resources of the County of Hawaii.
o The County shall encourage the protection of watersheds, forest, brush, and grassland from destructive agents and uses.
o An identification and inventory of forest lands suitable for watershed purposes should be conducted jointly by County, appropriate State and Federal agencies, and private landowners.
o The County shall encourage and work with the appropriate State, Federal agencies, and private landowners to establish a program to protect identified watersheds.
o The County shall encourage appropriate State agencies to review and designate forest and watershed areas into the conservation district during state land use boundary comprehensive reviews.
o The installation of utility facilities, highways and
related public improvements in natural and wildland areas should avoid the contamination or despoilment of natural resources where feasible by design review, conservation principles, and by mutual agreement between the County and affected agencies.
o The County shall encourage the continued identification and inclusion of unique wildlife habitat areas of native Hawaiian flora and fauna within the Natural Area Reserve System.
o Encourage the use of native plants for screening and landscaping.
STANDARDS
The following shall be considered for the protection and conservation of natural resources.
o Areas necessary for the protection and propagation of specified endangered native wildlife, and conservation for natural ecosystems of endemic plants, fish and wildlife.
o Lands necessary for the preservation of forests, park lands, wilderness and beach areas.
o Lands with a general slope of 20% or more which provide open space amenities or possess unusual scenic qualities.
o Lands necessary for the protection of watersheds, water sources and water supplies.
o Lands with topographic, locational, soils, climate or other environmental factors that may not be normally adaptable or required for urban, rural, agricultural or public use.
o The Coastal Zone and Special Management Area as defined by statute and in accordance with the adopted objectives and guidelines.
H. HOUSING
GOALS
o Attain safe, sanitary, and livable housing for the residents of the County of Hawaii.
o Attain a diversity of socio-economic housing mix throughout the different parts of the County.
o Maintain a housing supply which allows a variety of choice.
o Develop better places to live in Hawaii County by creating viable communities with decent housing and suitable living environments for our people.
o Improve and maintain the quality and affordability of the existing housing stock.
o Seek sufficient production of new affordable rental and fee-simple housing in the County in a variety of sizes to satisfactorily accommodate the needs and desires of families and individuals.
o Ensure that housing is available to all persons regardless of age, sex, marital status, ethnic background, and income.
o The cornerstone of the County's housing programs and activities shall continue to be the encouragement and expansion of appropriate home ownership opportunities for our residents.
POLICIES
o The County shall encourage a volume of construction and rehabilitation of housing sufficient to meet growth needs and correct existing deficiencies.
o The construction of specially designed facilities for elderly persons needing institutional care and for active elderly persons shall be encouraged.
o The County shall encourage corporations and nonprofit organizations to participate in Federal programs to provide new and rehabilitated housing for low and moderate income households.
o The County shall continually review its codes and ordinances to see if there are overly stringent restrictions which may impose unnecessary hardship and adopt amendments if warranted.
o The County shall study and implement appropriate measures to curb property speculative practices which result in increased housing costs.
o The County shall protect residential property values from depreciating influences.
o Large industries which create a demand for housing shall provide employee housing based upon a ratio to be determined by an analysis of the locality's needs.
o The County shall formulate a program for housing which identifies specific mechanisms to implement the housing goals.
o The County shall utilize its housing powers to accomplish its housing goals and shall utilize existing programs and seek out new programs and resources to address the housing needs of its residents.
o The County shall initiate and participate in activities with the private sector including the provision of leadership and expertise to neighborhoods and nonprofit organizations in the development of housing and community development projects.
o Increase rental opportunities and choices in terms of quality, cost, amenity, style and size of housing, especially for low and moderate income households.
o Support programs which improve, maintain, and rehabilitate the existing housing stock to maintain the viability of existing communities.
o Accommodate the housing requirements of the special need groups including the elderly, handicapped and those residents living in rural areas of the County.
o Investigate, develop, and promote the creation of new innovative and timely financing techniques and programs to reduce the cost of housing in Hawaii County.
o Encourage the use of suitable public lands for housing purposes in fee or lease.
o The County shall encourage the construction of homes for lease or lease with option to purchase.
o Promote research and development of methods, programs, and activities including the review of regulatory requirements and procedures as they affect housing, to reduce the costs consistent with the public health, safety and welfare.
o The County shall adopt appropriate ordinances and rules as necessary to implement its housing programs and activities.
o Utilize financing technique that reduce the cost of housing, including the issuance of tax-exempt bonds and the implementation of interim financing programs.
o Seek to ensure that adequate infrastructure is available in appropriate locations to support the timely development of affordable housing.
o Investigate the use of the County's taxing powers as a possible means to increase the supply of affordable housing.
o The County shall work with, encourage and support the
private sector efforts in the provision of affordable housing.
STANDARDS
Housing standards shall consist of and comply with:
o Housing Code
o Building Code
o Electrical Code
o Plumbing Code
o Zoning Code
o Subdivision Code
o Standards of the single-family and multiple residential land use element.
I. PUBLIC FACILITIES
GOAL
o Encourage the provision of public facilities that effectively service community needs and seek ways of improving public service through better and more functional facilities which are in keeping with the environmental and aesthetic concerns of the community.
POLICIES
o The County shall continue to seek ways of improving public service through the coordination of service and by maximizing the use of personnel and facilities.
o The County shall coordinate with appropriate State agencies for the provision of public facilities to serve the needs of the community.
o The County shall develop short and long-range capital improvement programs and operating budgets for public facilities and services.
o The County's Capital Improvement and Operating budgets shall reflect the goals and policies of the County General Plan.
o The County shall require a 6-year, long-term, capital improvements budget by County Departments and agencies
which shall be reviewed for consistency with the County's General Plan.
STANDARDS
Standards have been established in each of the four major groupings of public facilities.
For the purpose of clarification, public facilities have been categorized into education, protective services, health and sanitation, and government operations.
(1) EDUCATION
POLICIES
Educational policies here relate to the provision of facilities rather than programs, which are the province of the State. It is nevertheless recognized that the facilities and programs are the tools necessary to improve total educational service.
o The County shall encourage continuous joint pre-planning of schools with the Department of Education and the University of Hawaii to ensure coordination with roads, water, and other support facilities and considerations such as traffic and safety, and access for vehicle, bicycle, and pedestrian. Encourage master planning of present and proposed public and private institutions.
o The County shall encourage the joining of school yards with county parks and the availability of school facilities for afterschool use by the community for recreational, cultural, and other compatible uses.
o The County shall encourage joint community-school library facilities, where a separate community library may not be feasible, in proximity to other community facilities, affording both pedestrian and vehicular access.
o The County shall encourage implementation of the Department of Education's 'Educational Specifications and Standards for Facilities.'
STANDARDS
o In proposed communities, sufficient acreage shall be reserved for school facilities. Sites shall be free from flooding and drainage problems, excessive slope and shall incorporate appropriate street and driveway
design and location to minimize traffic interference, pedestrian hazard, and to enable safe and easy access for vehicles, bicycles and pedestrians.
(2) PROTECTIVE SERVICES
STANDARDS
o Development of police and fire facilities should entail joint use structures whenever feasible.
o The establishment of a fire/police facility shall consider site size and locations which permit quick and efficient vehicular access.
o Police headquarters shall be near the geographic center of the service area and near concentrations of commercial and industrial use.
o Stations in outlying districts shall be based on the population to be served and response time rather than on geographic district.
o Additional rehabilitation and counseling centers shall be established as needed.
o The County of Hawaii Emergency Operations Center shall be improved to meet the requirements set forth by federal and state regulations.
o The Fire Department, in cooperation with other related governmental agencies and the involved land owners, shall prepare a fire protection and prevention plan for forest reserves and other natural areas, and such plan shall be approved by the County Council.
(3) GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS
STANDARDS
o Public office center sites shall satisfy modern and reasonable requirements of accessibility and compatibility with the surrounding neighborhood.
o The multipurpose concept of flexibility to satisfy changing requirements should be part of the design for these public buildings.
o Architectural and landscaping shall reflect as much as possible the community's attributes.
(4) HEALTH AND SANITATION
POLICY
o The County should encourage the development of new or improvement of existing health care facilities to serve the needs of Hamakua, North and South Kohala, and North and South Kona.
STANDARDS
o Sanitary landfill sites for refuse disposal shall be established in accordance with the needs of communities and shall be landscaped. Appropriately designed and cost effective transfer station sites shall be located in areas of convenience and easy access to the public.
o Hospitals should be on sites capable of handling moderate expansion of facilities. Quiet surroundings, convenient and adequate access, and compatibility with adjoining uses shall be required.
o Hospitals shall be served by a public sewerage system or have self-contained sewerage systems. Hospital solid waste disposal methods shall be by incineration.
o Private and public cemeteries shall be compatible with surrounding land uses and shall be provided with adequate access and drainage systems.
J. PUBLIC UTILITIES
GOALS
o Ensure that adequate, efficient and dependable public utility services will be available to users.
o Maximize efficiency and economy in the provision of public utility services.
o To have public utility facilities which are designed to fit into their surroundings or concealed from public view.
POLICIES
o Public utility facilities shall be designed so as to complement adjacent land uses and shall be operated so as to minimize pollution or disturbance.
o The County shall encourage the use of properties or easements owned by public or private utility companies or
agencies as supplemental open space and recreational areas whenever practical.
o Provide utilities and service facilities which minimize total cost to the public and effectively service the needs of the community.
o Utility facilities shall be designed to minimize conflict with the natural environment and natural resources.
o Improvement of existing utility services shall be encouraged to meet the needs of users.
o Encourage the clustering of developments in order to reduce the cost of providing utilities.
o The County shall develop short and long range capital improvement programs and plans for public utilities within its jurisdiction and which are consistent with the County General Plan.
(1) WATER
POLICIES
o Water system improvements and extensions shall promote the County's desired land use development pattern.
o All water systems shall be designed and built to Department of Water Supply standards.
o Improve and replace inadequate systems.
o Water sources shall be adequately protected to prevent depletion and contamination from natural and man-made occurrences or events.
o Water system improvements should be first installed in areas which have established needs and characteristics, such as occupied dwellings and other uses, or in areas adjacent to them if there is need for urban expansion, or to further the expansion of the agricultural industry.
o A systematic program by the County, State and private interest shall identify sources of additional water supply to ensure the development of sufficient quantities of water for future needs of high growth areas.
o The fire prevention systems shall be coordinated with water distribution systems in order to ensure water supplies for fire protection purposes.
o The County shall consider the feasibility, desirability, and the attendant responsibilities of establishing standards for individual water catchment units.
STANDARD
o Water systems shall meet the requirements of the Department of Water Supply and the Subdivision Control Code.
(2) TELEPHONE
POLICIES
o The County shall encourage underground telephone lines where they are economically and technically feasible.
o The County shall work closely with the telephone company to provide all users with efficient service.
STANDARD
o In the development and placement of telephone facilities, such as lines, poles and substations, the design of the facilities shall consider the existing environment, and scenic view and vistas shall be considered and preserved where possible.
(3) ELECTRICITY
POLICIES
o Power distribution shall be placed underground when and where feasible. The County shall encourage developers of new urban areas to place utilities underground.
o Route selection for high voltage transmission lines should include consideration for setbacks from major thoroughfares and residential areas.
o The County should encourage electrical utility companies to develop a comprehensive plan for the generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical power to the various parts of the island.
o Safety standards for power systems shall conform to safety standards as established by appropriate regulatory authority.
STANDARDS
o There shall be a minimization of obstruction of scenic views and vistas by electrical facilities.
o Facilities such as substations shall be aesthetically pleasing.
(4) GAS
POLICY
o Gas storage facilities shall be located so as to minimize danger to commercial and residential areas.
STANDARD
o The County's ordinances shall reflect appropriate safety standards for gas facilities.
(5) SEWER
POLICIES
o The "Sewerage Study for All Urban and Urbanizing Areas of the County of Hawaii, State of Hawaii," December 1970, and the "Water Quality Management Plan for the County of Hawaii," December 1980, shall be used as guides for the general planning of sewerage disposal systems.
o Private systems shall be installed by land developers for major resort and other developments along shorelines and sensitive higher inland areas, except where connection to nearby treatment facilities is feasible and compatible with the County's long-range plans, and in conformance with state and county requirements.
o The County shall take immediate steps to designate treatment plant sites, sewerage pump station sites, and sewer easements according to the facility plans to facilitate their acquisition.
o Disposal of raw sewage directly into waterways and the ocean shall be discontinued as soon as possible.
o The County shall seek State and Federal funds to assist in financing the construction of proposed sewer systems.
o Schemes for wastewater reclamation and reuse for
irrigation shall be utilized where feasible and needed.
STANDARDS
o Incorporate sewage works standards proposed in the "Sewerage Study for All Urban and Urbanizing Areas of the County of Hawaii" and the "Water Quality Management Plan for the County of Hawaii."
o Sewerage systems shall be designed for the particular area, depending on topography, geology, density of population, costs, and other considerations of the specific area.
o There shall be a minimum of visual and odor pollution emanating from sewerage treatment facilities.
o Applicable standards and regulations of the State Department of Health, Chapter 23 "Underground Injection Control."
o Applicable standards and regulations of the State Department of Health, Chapter 54 "Water Quality Standards."
o Applicable standards and regulations of the State Department of Health, Chapter 55 "Water Pollution Control."
o Applicable standards and regulations of Chapter 342, HRS; Act 282, Session Laws of Hawaii 1985; and Act 302, Session Laws of Hawaii 1986, Relating to Environmental Quality.
K. RECREATION
GOALS
o Provide a wide variety of recreational opportunities for the residents and visitors of the County.
o Maintain the natural beauty of recreation areas.
o Provide a diversity of environments for active and passive pursuits.
POLICIES
o The County of Hawaii shall improve existing public facilities for optimum usage.
o Recreational facilities in the County shall reflect the natural, historic, and cultural character of the area.
o The use of land adjoining recreation areas shall be compatible with community values, physical resources and recreation potential.
o The County shall develop short and long range capital improvement programs and plans for recreational facilities which are consistent with the General Plan.
o The "County of Hawaii Recreation Plan" shall be reviewed and updated to reflect newly identified priorities.
o Facilities for compatible multiple uses shall be provided.
o The County shall provide facilities and a broad recreational program for all age groups, with special considerations for the handicapped, the elderly, and young children.
o The County shall coordinate recreational programs and facilities with governmental and private agencies and organizations. Innovative ideas for improving recreational facilities and opportunities shall be considered.
o The County shall develop local citizen leadership and participation in recreation planning, maintenance and programming.
o The County of Hawaii shall adopt an on-going program of identification, designation, and acquisition of areas with recreational resources, such as land with sandy beaches and other prime areas for shoreline recreation.
o Public access to the shoreline shall be provided in accordance with an adopted program of the County of Hawaii.
o The County shall establish a system of pedestrian access trails to places of scenic, historic, natural or recreational values.
o The County in coordination with appropriate State agencies shall establish a program to inventory ancient trails, cart roads and old government roads on the island.
o The County shall develop facilities and safe pathway systems for walking, jogging and biking activities.
o The County shall continue to maintain a recreation information dissemination system for the public's use.
o The County shall review and, if appropriate, revise its ordinance requiring subdivisions to provide land area for park and recreational use or pay a fee in lieu thereof.
STANDARDS
Regional Parks:
Major recreation area serving several districts and providing indoor and outdoor activities. A major center for spectator sports and cultural activities. May include features of historic, geological, and horticultural interests.
Vicinity of major populated areas.
Facilities include: multi-purpose building, auditorium, gymnasium, swimming pool, adequate and defined parking area, and facilities for spectator sports: football, baseball, softball, track field, tennis, basketball and volleyball.
District Parks:
Offer diversified types of recreational activities which include indoor and outdoor sports during the day as well as nights.
Within a district consisting of several populated communities and good topography.
Facilities include: gymnasium with office, storage, restrooms, showers; a center for community and recreational programs; swimming pool (if justifiable); play area and equipment for young children; courts for basketball, tennis, and volleyball; ballfields for soccer, baseball, softball and football; night lights; and adequate parking area.
Community Parks:
Community recreation area serving a 1 mile radius in urban areas, and entire community in rural areas. Provide active and passive activities.
Between 4 and 8 acres, within the center of the community or several neighborhoods.
Facilities include: recreation building with multi-purpose room, office, storage, restrooms and parkkeeper's room; swimming pool; gymnasium (where not serviceable from a district park); courts for basketball, volleyball and tennis; ballfields for softball/baseball, soccer, football; play area and equipment for young children; walking and jogging paths; picnic and passive area; night lights and adequate defined parking area.
Neighborhood Parks:
Provide open space in urbanizing areas for the general aesthetic enjoyment of the outdoors, play areas for young children, and a social gathering place for the neighborhood.
Up to 4 acres, within the center of the neighborhood and preferably adjacent to a school.
Minimum facilities include: restrooms; drinking water; parkkeeper's storage; walking and jogging paths (bike and skating paths); courts for basketball, volleyball and tennis; ballfields for tetherball, baseball/softball and soccer; play area and equipment for young children; and an adequate and defined parking area.
Community Centers:
Major center for spectator sports and for cultural and social activities.
Size depends on facilities proposed and accessory uses.
Facilities include: multipurpose building; auditorium; gymnasium; facilities for spectator sports; swimming facility; and adequate and defined parking.
Parks for General Use:
Centered around a major natural asset, such as a sandy beach, a prime forest, or a volcanic feature and including historic sites whenever feasible.
Designed to accommodate users from throughout the County.
Beach parks provide opportunities for swimming/sunbathing, surfing, camping, fishing, boating, nature study, and other pastimes. Every section of the island should be adequately served. Facilities depend on size and intensity of use but should include: restrooms with showers and changing area; picnic area with tables and cooking facilities; a defined tent camping area when allowed; drinking water; defined and adequate parking; pavilions of various sizes; lifeguard facilities; and storage for groundskeeper and lifeguard equipment.
Wilderness and wildland areas are remote from population centers and have limited access by jeep, hiking, biking, or horseback.
Facilities include: trails and unimproved roads; designated hunting and fishing areas; designated conservation areas for nature study and other passive
activities; wilderness camp sites with simple shelters where needed; outhouse facilities; and drinking water.
L. TRANSPORTATION
GOALS
o Provide a transportation system whereby people and goods can move efficiently, safely, comfortably and economically.
o Make available a variety of modes of transportation which best meets the needs of the County.
POLICIES
o A framework of transportation facilities which will promote and influence desired land use shall be established by concerned agencies.
o The agencies concerned with transportation systems shall provide for present traffic and future demands, including mass transit programs for high growth areas.
o The improvement of transportation service shall be encouraged.
STANDARD
o Transportation systems shall meet the requirements of the State Department of Transportation and the County of Hawaii.
(1) THOROUGHFARES AND STREETS
GOALS
o Provide a system of thoroughfares and streets for the safe, efficient and comfortable movement of people and goods between and within the various sections of the County.
o Provide an integrated State and County system so that new major routes will complement and encourage proposed land uses.
POLICIES
o The County shall encourage the programmed improvement of existing thoroughfares and streets by both public and private sectors.
o The County shall investigate various methods of funding road improvements, including private sector
participation, to meet the growing transportation needs of the island.
o The County shall coordinate with appropriate Federal and State agencies for the funding of transportation projects for areas of anticipated growth.
o There shall be coordinated planning of Federal, State and County street systems to meet program goals of the other elements such as historic, recreational, environmental quality, and land use.
o Provisions for on-street parking shall be incorporated into the design of street systems.
o The County shall encourage the State Department of Transportation to establish special scenic routes within and between communities.
o Transportation and drainage systems shall be integrated where feasible.
o The County shall support development of an efficient transit route between east and west Hawaii.
o The design of urban streets shall consider their implications for urban design and potential multiple uses of the right-of-way within the limits of feasibility and quality road design.
o The County shall encourage the development of pedestrian and bicycle facilities within designated areas of the community.
o The County shall work in conjunction with the State or establish a clear agreement of the ownership and maintenance of the old homestead roads which were laid out several decades ago.
o All specific courses of actions shall be re-evaluated in conjunction with community development planning or other county land planning activities.
o The County shall develop short and long range capital improvement programs and plans for transportation which are consistent with the County General Plan.
STANDARDS
o Primary Route: Includes major highways, parkways and primary arterials which move vehicles in large volumes and at higher speeds from one geographic area to another; highest traffic volume corridor.
o Secondary Arterial: A street of considerable continuity which is primarily a traffic artery for intercommunication between or through large areas; interconnect with and augment primary system.
o Collector Street: Any street supplementary to the arterial street system which is a means of transit between this system and smaller areas; used to some extent for through traffic and to some extent for access to abutting properties; collect and distribute traffic between neighborhood and arterial system.
o Local Minor Streets: The principal purpose of a local street is to provide access to property abutting the public right-of-way; lowest level of mobility.
(2) TRANSPORTATION TERMINALS
The following goal, policies, and standard are set forth to guide the orderly development of the County's transportation terminals and related facilities.
GOAL
o Provide transportation terminals and related facilities for the safe, efficient and comfortable movement of people and goods.
POLICIES
o The County shall encourage the programmed improvement of existing terminals, including adequate provisions for control of pollution.
o The State Department of Transportation should continue to implement its framework of transportation terminals and related facilities which will promote and influence desired land use.
o Transportation terminals should be developed in conjunction with the different elements of the overall transportation system.
o The County shall encourage maximum use of the island's airport and harbor facilities.
STANDARD
o Requirements of the State Department of Transportation.
M. LAND USE
Through the careful analysis and examination of past and present situations, the following goals, policies, and standards are set forth to physically plan the lands in the County in the best interest of the island's residents.
GOALS
o Designate and allocate land uses in appropriate proportions and mix and in keeping with the social, cultural, and physical environments of the County.
o Protect and encourage the intensive utilization of the County's important agricultural lands.
o Protect and preserve forest, water, natural and scientific reserves and open areas.
POLICIES
o Zone urban- and rural- types of uses in areas with ease of access to community services and employment centers and with adequate public utilities and facilities.
o Promote and encourage the rehabilitation and use of urban and rural areas which are serviced by basic community facilities and utilities.
o Allocate appropriate requested zoning in accordance with the existing or projected needs of neighborhood, community, region and County.
o Maintain the "land zoning bank" from which land use zoning may be allocated to specified urban and rural centers and districts.
o Conduct a review and re-evaluation of the real property tax structure to assure compatibility with land use goals and policies.
o Incorporate innovations such as the "zone of mix" and "mixed use zones" into the Zoning Code.
o Incorporate the concept of a "floating zone" for future industrial and retreat resort areas, to allow flexibility in locating future needed developments which cannot be pinpointed at this time, especially in the more rural and/or remote areas.
o The county shall encourage the development and maintenance of communities meeting the needs of its residents in balance with the physical and social environment.
o Conduct a review and re-evaluation of the Zoning Code in light of emerging new industries and technologies and incorporate revisions to land use regulations as necessary.
o The County shall develop, in cooperation with community residents, community development or regional plans for all of the districts or combinations of districts and shall periodically review and amend these documents as necessary or as mandated.
STANDARDS
o The designated land uses will be delineated on the General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide Map. The broad-brush boundaries indicated are graphic expressions of the General Plan policies, particularly those relating to land uses. They are long-range guides to general location and will be subject to: a) existing zoning; b) State Land Use District; and c) zone guide map and interpretation. Similarly, the acreages allocated represent alternatives for the various levels of economic activity and supporting functions, such as resort, residential, commercial and industrial activities. Land required for community and governmental services and programs as well as new towns and resort centers may be accommodated within the allocated acreages.
o Zoning requests shall be reviewed with respect to General Plan designation, district goals, regional plans, State Land Use District, compatibility with adjacent zoned uses, availability of public services and utilities, access, and public need.
o Zoning may be recommended on an incremental basis depending upon construction schedule, development of supporting services and facilities, and other pertinent factors bearing upon the performance of the petitioner.
o Zoning may be reallocated as to location within districts according to need with or without change in total zoned acreage.
o Zoning of areas for industrial and retreat resort uses under the "floating zone" concept shall be required to meet all pertinent elements of the General Plan.
(1) AGRICULTURE
The following goals and policies are intended to address some of the land related problems of agriculture and are to be consistent with and supportive of the overall land use element.
GOAL
o Identify, protect and maintain important agriculture lands on the island of Hawaii.
POLICIES
o Zoning shall protect and maintain important agricultural lands from urban encroachment. New approaches to preserve important agricultural land shall be implemented by the County.
o The County shall assist in the development of basic resources such as water, roads, transportation and distribution facilities for the agricultural industry.
o The County shall assist other State agencies, such as the University of Hawaii, College of Tropical Agriculture, University of Hawaii, College of Agriculture (Hilo), Department of Planning and Economic Development, Department of Land and Natural Resources and Department of Agriculture, on programs which aid agriculture.
o Agricultural land shall be used as one form of open space or as green belt.
o The County shall coordinate and encourage efforts to solve the problems of the agricultural industry in the County of Hawaii.
o The compatibility of agricultural and non-agricultural uses should be carefully reviewed and where appropriate, buffers required.
o Rural-style residential-agricultural developments, such as new small-scale rural communities or extensions of existing rural communities, shall be encouraged in appropriate locations.
o The County shall develop subdivision standards which make a distinction between agricultural and urban land uses.
o Designate, protect and maintain important agricultural lands from urban encroachment. New approaches to preserve important agricultural land shall be implemented by the County.
o The County shall ensure that development of important agricultural land shall be primarily for commercial agricultural use purposes.
(2) COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Following an examination and analysis of present and past situations concerning commercial development, the following goals, policies, and standards have been set forth.
GOALS
o Provide for commercial developments that maximize convenience to users.
o Provide commercial developments that complement the overall pattern of transportation and land usage within the island's regions, communities, and neighborhoods.
POLICIES
o In an effort to assist existing commercial developments, urban renewal rehabilitation, and/or redevelopment programs shall be undertaken in cooperation with communities, businesses and governmental agencies. The key to the success of these kinds of programs is active and sustained participation from communities and businesses.
o Commercial facilities shall be developed in areas adequately served by necessary services, such as water, utilities, sewers, and transportation systems. Should such services not be available, the development of more intensive uses should be in concert with a localized program of public and private capital improvements to meet the expected increased needs.
o Distribution of commercial areas shall be such as to best meet the demands of neighborhood, community and regional needs.
o Existing strip development shall be converted to more appropriate uses when and where it is feasible.
o The development of commercial facilities should be designed to fit into the locale with minimal intrusion while providing the desired services. Appropriate infrastructure and design concerns shall be incorporated into the review of such developments.
o Applicable ordinances shall be reviewed and amended as necessary to include considerations for urban design, aesthetic quality and the protection of amenities in adjacent areas through landscaping, open space and buffer areas.
STANDARDS
There are three basic types of shopping centers:
o 1) Neighborhood Centers
Provide: Convenience goods, e.g., foods,
drugs, and personal services.
Major Shops: Supermarket and/or drug store.
Number of Shops: 5 to 15.
Acreage: 5 to 10 acres.
Approximate Market: 3,000 people.
o 2) Community Centers
Provide: Convenience goods, plus "soft line"
items, such as clothing, and "hard line"
items, such as hardware and small appliances.
Major Shops: Variety or junior department store.
Number of Shops: 20 to 40.
Acreage: 10 to 30 acres.
Approximate Market: 15,000 people.
o 3) Regional Centers
Provide: Full range of merchandise and services.
Major Shops: Full size department store.
Number of Shops: 40.
Approximate Market: 50,000 people.
o Commercial development shall be located in areas adequately served by transportation, utilities, and other amenities. Commercial developments shall provide for adequate internal circulation amongst commercial facilities in the area.
o Off-street parking and loading facilities shall be provided.
o Commercial development shall maintain or improve the quality of the present environment through the consideration of visual, access, landscaping, and other design elements in their development.
o Preference shall be given to commercial lands with a reasonably level topography.
(3) INDUSTRIAL
The following goals, policies and standards are set forth to guide the development of industrial areas in the best interest of the County and its residents. The residents must be
also made aware of the circumstances resulting from industrial development. Citizen participation, awareness, and most of all, citizen understanding are vital in the development of industrial areas, as in all phases of the planning process.
GOALS
o Designate and allocate industrial areas in appropriate proportions and in keeping with the social, cultural, and physical environments of the County.
o Promote and encourage the rehabilitation of industrial areas which are serviced by basic community facilities and utilities.
POLICIES
o The County shall support the creation of industrial parks in appropriate locations as an alternative to strip development.
o It shall be the policy of the County to achieve a broader diversification of local industries by providing opportunities for new industries and strengthening existing industries.
o Through its zoning powers, the County shall locate industrial areas convenient to transportation facilities, and provide a variety of industrial zoned districts and lot sizes, depending on the needs of the industries and the communities.
o The County shall attempt to improve the aesthetic quality of industrial sites and protect amenities of adjacent areas by requiring landscaping, open spaces, buffer zones, and design guidelines.
o The concept of a "floating zone" shall be used to allow for the future development of industrial areas.
o Industrial development shall be located in areas adequately served by transportation, utilities, and other amenities. Redeveloping or newly developing areas shall be developed in concert with programmed public and privately funded infrastructure to meet the expected needs.
o The County shall review the Zoning Code in light of emerging new industries and shall establish new land use regulations as necessary.
STANDARDS
o Industrial development shall maintain or improve the quality of the present environment.
o Industrial activities may be located close to raw materials or key resources.
o Topography of industrial land shall be reasonably level.
o Industrial development shall be conveniently located to its labor resource.
o Buffer zones shall be established between industrial and adjacent noncompatible uses of land.
o The direction of wind patterns and the absence of tradewinds shall be considered in locating industrial designations.
(4) MULTIPLE RESIDENTIAL
The goals, policies, and standards which follow are the result of the examination and analysis of past and present situations.
GOALS
o To provide for multiple residential developments that maximize convenience for its occupants.
o To provide for suitable living environments which accommodate the physical, social and economic needs of the island residents.
POLICIES
o Appropriately zoned lands shall be allocated as the demand for multiple residential dwellings increases. These areas shall be allocated with respect to places of employment, shopping facilities, educational, recreational and cultural facilities, and public facilities and utilities.
o The County shall incorporate reasonable flexibility in applicable codes and ordinances to achieve a diversity of socio-economic housing mix.
o The County shall encourage flexibility in the design of residential sites, buildings and related facilities to achieve a diversity of socio-economic housing mix and innovative means of meeting the market
requirements.
o The rehabilitation and/or utilization of multiple residential areas shall be encouraged.
o To assure the use of multiple residential zoned areas and to curb speculation and resale of undeveloped lots only, the County may impose incremental and conditional zoning which shall be based on performance requirements.
o Applicable codes and ordinances shall be reviewed and amended as necessary to include consideration for urban design, and aesthetic quality through landscaping, open space, and buffer areas.
STANDARDS
o Areas shall be located in such a manner that traffic generated by high density development will not be required to travel through areas of lesser density en route to principal community facilities.
o Areas shall be protected from incompatible uses by transition zones.
o Provide adequate access to arterial streets, shopping facilities, schools, employment centers, and other services.
o Development shall not be permitted in natural hazard areas unless proper on-site improvements are provided.
o Development shall be located in areas where public utilities can be economically provided at a level adequate to meet the demand for the concentrated service.
o Recreational area and/or facilities shall be considered in multiple residential development.
(5) SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
Through careful examination and analysis of the present situation, the following goals, policies, and standards are set forth to guide the orderly development of single-family residential areas in the interest of the residents of the County of Hawaii.
GOALS
o To maximize choices of single-family residential lots and/or housing for residents of the County.
o To ensure compatible uses within and adjacent to single-family residential zoned areas.
o To rehabilitate and/or rebuild deteriorating single-family residential areas.
o To provide single-family residential areas conveniently located to public and private services, shopping, other community activities and convenient access to employment centers.
POLICIES
o To assure the orderly use of single-family residential zoned areas and to curb speculation and resale of undeveloped lots, the County may impose incremental and conditional zoning which would be based on performance requirements. This is to assure that a certain percentage of buildings will be constructed.
o The County shall encourage more innovative uses of land with respect to geologic and topographic conditions through the use of residential cluster and planned unit developments. The clustering of residential units in sloping areas is a means of minimizing grading and drainage problems, preserving the natural appearance of the topography, preventing strip development, and making optimum uses of the terrain for buildings and open spaces.
o The County shall encourage and coordinate with the State in providing fee simple and leasehold single-family residential lots to the residents through State and/or County Housing Programs.
o The County shall incorporate reasonable flexibility in codes and ordinances to achieve a diversity of socio- economic housing mix and to permit aesthetic balance between single-family residential structures and open spaces.
o The County shall re-evaluate existing undeveloped single-family residential zoned areas and reallocate zoned lands in appropriate locations.
o The County shall designate and allocate single-family residential zoned lands at varying densities for future use in accordance with the needs of the communities and the stated goals, policies, and standards.
o Rural-style residential-agricultural developments, such as new small scale rural communities or
extensions of existing rural communities, shall be encouraged in appropriate locations.
o The County shall review and amend if necessary land use ordinances and codes to include considerations for rural-style residential subdivisions in appropriate locations. Standards and criteria for the establishment of these areas shall be developed.
STANDARDS
o There shall be a transitional area between single-family residential areas and incompatible uses.
o Major traffic routes shall not be located through single-family residential areas.
o Areas shall have basic improvements and amenities necessary for immediate use.
o Areas shall be limited to low-density and medium density residential uses.
(6) RESORT
GOALS
o Maintain an orderly development of the visitor industry.
o Provide for resort development that maximizes conveniences to its users and optimizes the benefits derived by the residents of the County.
o Ensure that resort developments maintain the social, economic, and physical environments of Hawaii and its people.
POLICIES
o The County may impose incremental and conditional zoning which would be based on performance requirements.
o Promote and encourage the rehabilitation and the optimum utilization of resort areas which are presently serviced by basic facilities and utilities.
o Zoning of resort areas shall be granted when the proposed development is consistent with and incorporates the stated goals, policies and standards of the General Plan.
o The County shall continue to seek funds from the State Capital Improvement Program to help develop visitor destination areas in accordance with the County's General Plan.
o The County shall designate and allocate future resort areas in appropriate proportions and in keeping with the social, economic, and physical environments of the County.
o The County shall evaluate resort areas and the areas surrounding existing resorts to insure that viable quality resorts are developed and that the surrounding area contributes to the quality, ambience and character of the existing resorts.
o The County shall encourage the visitor industry to provide resort facilities which offer an educational experience of Hawaii as well as recreational activities.
o Coastal resort developments shall provide public access to and parking for beach and shoreline areas.
o The County shall re-evaluate existing undeveloped resort designated and/or zoned areas and reallocate resort designated and/or zoned lands in appropriate locations.
o The concept of a "floating zone" shall be used to allow for the future development of retreat resort areas.
STANDARDS
The following established standards shall guide the development of resort areas.
Destination Resort Community
A destination resort is a self-contained resort destination area which provides basic and support facilities for both the needs of the entire development and the surrounding regional area. Such facilities shall include employee housing, recreational facilities, regional civic center facilities, other community facilities serving the region. Basic infrastructure needs such as water, sewer and roads for the entire development shall be provided.
The designation of any destination resort community shall be established through a formal General Plan Amendment accompanied by an Environmental Impact Statement.
Maximum hotel and condominium-hotel units: to be determined in conjunction with the adoption of a master plan for the destination resort community's zoning.
Resort Acreage: to be determined in conjunction with the adoption of a master plan for the destination resort community's zoning.
Active and passive recreation area: to be determined in conjunction with the adoption of a master plan for the destination resort community's zoning.
Residential acreage: acreage shall include areas for employee housing and/or affordable housing and shall be determined in conjunction with the adoption of a master plan for the destination resort community's zoning.
The required employee housing ratio and method of provision shall be determined by an analysis of housing needs of each district or relative area and with the adoption of the resort zoning; provided that the ratio shall not exceed one employee unit for every two hotel units built.
Major Resort Area
A major resort area is a self-contained resort destination area which provides basic and support facilities for the needs of the entire development. Such facilities shall include sewer, water, roads, employee housing and recreational facilities, etc..
Maximum hotel and condominium-hotel units: 3,000 rooms.
Resort acreage: 90 acres minimum.
Active and passive recreation areas: 50 acres minimum.
Either participate in an off-site housing program or a maximum of 640 acres for residential use when other zoned lands are not available in close proximity for support use.
The required employee housing ratio and method of provision shall be determined by an analysis of housing needs of each district or relative area and with the adoption of the resort zoning; provided that the ratio shall not exceed one employee unit for every two hotel units built.
Intermediate Resort Area
An intermediate resort area is a self-contained resort destination area which provides basic and support facilities for the needs of the entire development on a smaller scale than a major resort area. Such facilities shall include sewer, water, roads, employee housing and recreational facilities, etc..
Maximum hotel and condominium-hotel units: 1,500 rooms.
Resort acreage: 45 acres minimum.
Active and passive recreation area: 25 acres minimum.
Either participate in an off-site housing program or a maximum of 320 acres for residential use when other zoned lands are not available in close proximity for support use.
The required employee housing ratio and method of provision shall be determined by an analysis of housing needs of each district or relative area and with the adoption of the resort zoning; provided that the ratio shall not exceed one employee unit for every two hotel units built.
Minor Resort
A minor resort area shall not exceed the density of an intermediate resort area and is generally an area with many small property owners or an isolated resort development without sufficient land area to develop into a self-contained destination area.
Maximum hotel and condominium-hotel units: 500 Rooms.
Resort acreage: 35 acres minimum.
Provide active and passive recreation area commensurate with the scale of development.
The required employee housing ratio and method of provision shall be determined by an analysis of housing needs of each district or relative area and with the adoption of the resort zoning; provided that the ratio shall not exceed one employee unit for every two hotel units built.
Retreat Resort Area
A retreat resort area is generally an area which provides the user with rest, quiet, and isolation for an environmental experience. It shall have sewer, water, roads, employee housing, and recreational facilities, etc..
Maximum hotel and condominium-hotel units: up to 100 rooms to be determined in conjunction with retreat resort area's zoning.
Resort acreage: 15 acres minimum.
Provide active and passive recreation area commensurate with the scale of development.
The required employee housing ratio and method of provision shall be determined by an analysis of housing needs of each district or relative area and with the adoption of the resort zoning; provided that the ratio shall not exceed one employee unit for every two hotel units built.
(7) OPEN SPACE
The following goals, policies, and standards are set forth to insure the protection and wise use of open space in the County of Hawaii.
GOALS
o Provide and protect open space for the social, environmental, and economic well-being of the County of Hawaii and its residents.
o Protect designated natural areas.
POLICIES
o Open space in the County of Hawaii shall reflect and be in keeping with the goals, policies, and standards set forth in the other elements of the General Plan.
o Open space in urban areas shall be established and provided through zoning and subdivision regulations.
o The County of Hawaii shall encourage the identification, evaluation, and designation of natural areas.
o Zoning, subdivision and other applicable ordinances of the County of Hawaii shall provide for and protect open space areas.
STANDARDS
o Open Space designations shall include:
Forest Reserves
Water Areas
Potential Natural Hazard Areas
Natural Areas and Reserves
Open Space Recreation Areas
Scenic Vistas and Viewplanes
General Use Conservation Sub-zones with Compatible Uses
Scientific Areas, including Habitats of Endemic Species
(8) PUBLIC LANDS
GOALS
o Utilize publicly owned lands in the best public interest and to the extent possible, to the maximum benefit for the greatest number of people.
o Acquire necessary lands for public use to implement policies and programs contained in the General Plan.
POLICIES
o Encourage uses of public lands which will satisfy specific public needs, such as housing, recreation, open space and education.
o Encourage the adoption of State programs for State lands consistent with the County General Plan.
o State and County Capital Improvement Programs should continue to be coordinated.
o A sub-classification, University use, shall continue to be utilized, permitting the primary institutional and numerous supportive and accessory uses required for establishing and/or expanding a public university. Its designation shall continue to be shown on the Allocation map.
STANDARD
o Public lands with unique recreational and natural resources shall be maintained for public use.
SECTION 5. Courses of Actions. The courses of actions necessary to promote the policies, development objectives, standards and principles as incorporated in Section 3 are hereby set forth for the various elements within the designated districts.
A. PUNA
(1) ECONOMIC
Courses of Action
o The County shall assist the further development of the agricultural industry by providing support services, such as co-operation with other agencies in developing manpower training programs, protecting important agricultural lands, and requesting and providing necessary capital improvements.
o The overseas capacity at Hilo's General Lyman Field is extremely important to the development of Puna's export crops. The County shall continue to encourage the further development of this facility.
o There is potential for limited visitor facilities in the form of small accommodations and support facilities, such as natural areas, botanical gardens, and limited commercial facilities. Resort growth should enhance and be in keeping with this area's rural character.
o The fishing industry in Puna should be assisted by the County through a cooperative effort with State and Federal agencies.
o The County shall support the development and utilization of geothermal resources and by-products consistent with the environmental, social, economic and other goals expressed elsewhere in the General Plan.
o Assist the Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii in acquiring land adjacent to geothermal exploration sites to expand research programs or alternative uses of geothermal by-products.
(2) FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE
Courses of Action
o As urbanization increases within the district, the drainage systems designed for the existing village areas shall be implemented. These systems are designed to collect and transport surface runoff
through the communities.
o Provide improvements as shown by the County of Hawaii "Drainage Master Plan" and the "Mountain View Drainage Study."
o Support development of the Glenwood/Mt. View Watershed project.
o Encourage diversified agricultural farmers to participate in Soil and Water Conservation District programs.
(3) HOUSING
Courses of Action
o Aid and encourage the development of a wide variety housing choice for this area.
o Since the sugar company has lands zoned for residential use within existing urban areas, they should be encouraged to make these lands available on the private market.
o Consider and encourage the use of a variety of mechanisms to provide the necessary infrastructure in the nonconforming subdivisions.
o Encourage the maintenance and rehabilitation of the existing housing stock to maintain the viability of existing communities.
(4) PUBLIC FACILITIES
(a) EDUCATION
Courses of Action
o Improve existing school complexes to meet the standards established by the Department of Education.
o School facilities shall be made available to the community for recreation and other compatible uses during afterschool hours.
o Encourage the implementation for relocation and development of a new elementary complex in Pahoa.
o Encourage improvements to pedestrian access between the village of Pahoa and the school and library facilities.
o Encourage expansion or development of community-school library complexes at Pahoa and Mt. View.
(b) PROTECTIVE SERVICES
Courses of Action
o A review of the possibility of 24-hour fire service for the entire district should be conducted and expansion of the public office facilities should be considered in accord with district needs.
o Police services and facilities should be expanded to adequately meet the needs of the district.
(c) GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS
Course of Action
o Expand/improve facilities as necessary.
(d) HEALTH AND SANITATION
Course of Action
o Maintenance of cemetery sites shall be improved.
(5) PUBLIC UTILITIES
(a) WATER
Courses of Action
o Improve inadequate water system facilities.
o Water source investigation and exploration should be continued in order to provide service for anticipated needs.
(b) SEWER
Course of Action
o The use of cesspools shall be discontinued in the coastal areas where cesspools do not function satisfactorily to meet water quality standards. Individual household aerobic treatment units approved by the State Health Department and the County of Hawaii could be utilized in these areas. Future
sewerage systems for the Puna area would then naturally commence with service to the lower coastal areas.
(6) RECREATION
Courses of Action
o A swimming pool should be provided in Pahoa in cooperation with the Department of Education.
o As population increases and need arises, neighborhood parks in large subdivisions between Keaau and Pahoa should be provided and improved.
o Implement the County of Hawaii Park Development Plan for the Kalapana-Kaimu area.
o Recommend that the State develop the ancient canoe landing site area as a recreation area.
o Recommend establishing a wilderness camp and park reserve on State-owned land east of Kaimu.
o Recommend the establishment of beach reserves at Kehena Beach and Opihikao (west of Opihikao junction).
o Recommend that the State expand the MacKenzie State Recreation Area.
o Develop and expand the Isaac Hale Beach Park recreation area. Provide trail access to Keahialaka Spring and Pond and Mahinaakaka Heiau.
o Develop the Kapoho Tidepools as a marine park.
o Establish a small scenic park overlooking Kapoho and provide minimum facilities.
o Develop recreational areas along the coast between Hilo and Kapoho, including areas at Papai, Haena (Keaau), Kaloli Point, Keonepoko Nui, Honolulu Landing, and Nanawale.
o Establish small scenic viewpoints along the Puna Road to overlook the rift zone and Kauileau, Keekee and the 1955 flows.
(7) TRANSPORTATION
(a) THOROUGHFARES AND STREETS
Courses of Action
o Primary arterial rights-of-way providing access to the district should be increased as necessary where they pass through relatively undeveloped lands.
o The present Puna Coast Road, eventually to connect with the Chain of Craters Road, should be developed as a scenic parkway along the coast. Alignment should basically follow the existing road from the Kalapana end of the Chain of Craters Road to the proposed extension of the Saddle Road in the vicinity of the Hilo Airport.
o A new road alignment to connect the junction of the Kapoho-Pohoiki Roads with the Pohoiki area should be constructed. This alignment will eliminate a series of curves in the present road.
o Consider, in conjunction with community associations and the property owners, the use of a variety of mechanisms to provide infrastructure in the non-conforming subdivisions.
o Major collector roads should run from:
Opihikao to the Puna Road.
Volcano Road to the coast parkway along the Puna-South Hilo boundary.
Volcano Road to the Saddle Road above Hilo along the existing Kulani Road.
Upper portion of the National Park to a point approximately 2 miles west of Kalapana.
(b) AIRPORTS AND HARBORS
Course of Action
o Provide for general aviation and small boat harbor facilities as the need arises.
(8) LAND USE
(a) AGRICULTURE
Courses of Action
o Assist in the provision of water in agricultural areas.
o Assist in the further development of diversified agriculture in the district.
(b) COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Courses of Action
o Centralization of commercial activities in Pahoa shall be encouraged.
o Expanded commercial services to meet the needs of population growth in the Puna district shall be encouraged in the area of Keaau.
o Rehabilitation of existing commercial development in appropriate locations shall be encouraged.
o Appropriately zoned lands shall be allocated as the need arises.
(c) INDUSTRIAL
Course of Action
o The County shall identify sites suitable for future industrial activities.
(d) MULTIPLE RESIDENTIAL
Course of Action
o Appropriately zoned lands shall be allocated as the need for multiple residential development increases.
(e) SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
Courses of Action
o The county shall work with community groups to explore possible avenues for financing infrastructural improvements within the non-conforming subdivisions.
o Encourage and aid the agricultural industry in continuing to provide employee housing.
o Improve and develop roadways, water and sewerage systems, and other basic facilities necessary to encourage development of lands suitable for residential use.
(f) RESORT
Courses of Action
o The development of visitor accommodations and any resort development in the district shall complement the character of the area and be consistent with the General Plan.
o Consider the development of small family or 'bed and breakfast' type visitor accommodations and small-scale retreat resort development.
B. SOUTH HILO
(1) ECONOMIC
Courses of Action
o The County shall encourage the State to provide the necessary funds for the development of the university complex and airport facilities. The County shall also provide necessary support services and facilities to aid the development of these complexes.
o The County shall continue to implement a program to revitalize downtown Hilo.
o The County shall support efforts to stabilize and maintain the viability of the sugar industry.
o Manufacturing operations which utilize local raw materials, such as bagasse, macadamia nut shells, and timber should be encouraged.
o The fishing industry in Hilo should be assisted by the County through a cooperative effort with State and Federal agencies.
o The County shall continue to assist in the formulation and implementation of management education and manpower training programs.
o The County shall support the development of a master plan for lands within the vicinity of the University of Hawaii at Hilo to incorporate a "college town" concept utilizing an appropriate mixture of residential, commercial and other land uses to complement the university's infrastructure.
o The County shall explore the feasibility of expanding the Afook-Chinen Auditorium into an athletic-exhibition-conference facility that can
attract additional activities and visitors to the Hilo area.
(2) FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE
Courses of Action
o The remaining proposals of the "Hilo Drainage and Flood Control Report" by Wilson, Okamoto and Assoc., Ltd., January, 1967, shall be implemented as further need is shown. Some of the proposals include the construction or improvement of drainage channels and primary intercepting ditches and improvements to culvert systems.
o The Waiakea Stream improvements as described by the "Hilo Area Comprehensive Study for Flood Damage Reduction" shall be completed.
o Systems to intercept flows from higher elevations to be discharged into the Waipahoehoe or Ainako streams shall continue to be implemented as described by the "Hilo Drainage and Flood Control Report," the "Watershed Work Plan-Wailuku-Alenaio Watershed," or the subsequent amendments to these reports.
o The proposals of the "Final Report and Environmental Impact Study of Alenaio Stream" shall be implemented.
o Drainage systems proposed by the Hawaii County "Drainage Master Plan" for the Honomu, Pepeekeo, Papaikou, and Paukaa areas should be implemented. These systems involve the collection and diversion of surface runoff into nearby gulches for disposal. In addition proper soil conservation measures shall be applied to reduce the amount of surface water and sediment runoff.
(3) HISTORIC SITES
Course of Action
o The County shall support the development of Kalakaua Park and its surrounding area as the Kalakaua Park Heritage Area and the restoration of its historic significance to Hilo.
(4) HOUSING
Courses of Action
o Encourage the State to provide student, faculty, and staff housing for the University of Hawaii at Hilo and the Community College.
o Participate in a variety of programs for the replacement or rehabilitation of housing units in the Hilo area.
o Participate in and coordinate housing projects for low and moderate income families, "gap-groups" and the elderly in this area.
o Aid and encourage the development of State lands in the South Hilo area for housing for all socio-economic levels through leasehold or purchase.
(5) PUBLIC FACILITIES
(a) EDUCATION
Courses of Action
o Encourage site planning for a third high school and/or intermediate school to meet regional growth needs.
o Encourage the establishment of an additional elementary school in the Waiakea-Uka area.
o The County shall actively participate in the development of student and faculty housing for the university and other joint-use facilities.
o Provide pedestrian walkways to and around all school complexes.
o A joint community-school library shall be considered in conjunction with plans for a third high school in Hilo.
o The County shall support the expansion of the University system and the campus master plan which encompasses a 600+ acre development and encourage the continuing education programs throughout the community. The transfer to the University of about 600 acres of State lands adjacent to the present campus should be actively pursued.
o Encourage continual improvements to existing educational facilities.
o Evaluate the possibility of relocating Kapiolani School.
o The County shall support and encourage the strengthening of the University of Hawaii at Hilo through the transfer of appropriate colleges and departments from the University of Hawaii at Manoa to the University of Hawaii at Hilo.
o The County shall encourage the implementation of existing State and University of Hawaii plans for the establishment of a "Research and Technology Park" on the campus of the University of Hawaii at Hilo.
(b) PROTECTIVE SERVICES
Courses of Action
o Expansion of Police and Fire facilities should be considered in accord with district needs.
o Relocate and upgrade the Emergency Operations Center to meet federal and state requirements.
(c) GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS
Courses of Action
o Expansion plans for the Hilo public office center shall be evaluated and implemented if feasible.
o Consolidate government offices in a public office center.
o Improvements to County baseyard facilities shall be undertaken.
(d) HEALTH AND SANITATION
Courses of Action
o Expansion of parking facilities at Hilo Hospital shall be undertaken.
o Improvement and expansion of hospital facilities shall be undertaken as the need arises.
o Expansion of existing cemeteries or creation of new sites shall be undertaken.
(6) PUBLIC UTILITIES
(a) WATER
Courses of Action
o The Hilo Water System should be improved to provide the city with a dependable and consistently clean water supply.
o Booster pumps and water transmission lines to boost Panaewa Well water to higher elevations should be installed.
o Further investigate future surface and ground water resources.
o Replace portion of the Honomu system transmission line and add new storage tanks.
(b) SEWER
Courses of Action
o Monitoring of the receiving waters should be done so as to provide sufficient base line data regarding the need for any future extension.
o Expand the existing sewer collection system to include interceptors and pump stations.
o Construct a new treatment plant to eventually provide either advanced primary or secondary treatment to incoming sewage flows.
o Extend the existing ocean outfall sewer to discharge beyond nearshore water.
(7) RECREATION
Courses of Action
o Develop Clem Akina Park, Gilbert Carvalho Park, and Wainaku Camp 2 Field as community recreation centers with improved drainage and landscaping, a sitting area for passive recreation, and play sculpture and equipment.
o Improve Kalakaua Park as an open space amenity and the focal point of the Kalakaua Park Heritage Area.
o Provide shaded areas with benches at Keikiland, Villa Franca.
o Encourage the State to maintain a strip park along both sides of the Wailuku River in the central
business district of Hilo and provide major viewpoints with pedestrian walkways and benches.
o Community and/or neighborhood recreational areas should be provided in areas such as Piihonua, upper Ponahawai, upper Kaumana, Haihai, upper Waiakea, and at Kulaimano Subdivision.
o Develop urban commercial areas with small landscaped parks for passive recreation.
o Expand the depth of coastal recreation areas. Park areas should be connected with trails to increase public access.
o Develop the coastal area between Lehia and Lihikai for recreation.
o Develop Reed's Bay for more intensive water-oriented recreation.
o Encourage the State to develop an adequate small boat harbor and additional moorage facilities.
o Develop Kuhio Bay and the Baker's Beach area as a public recreational facility.
o Encourage the implementation of the "Environmental and Urban Design Proposals, East Hawaii Project, City of Hilo," and the "Downtown Hilo Redevelopment Plan" for the open space of Kaiko'o and Bayfront areas. This includes the deepening of Waiolama Canal, the development of the proposed Waiolama River State Park, the elimination of Bayfront Drive and the widening and realigning of Kamehameha Avenue, and the establishment of botanical gardens.
o Provide trail and access systems to recreational areas.
o Provide a large auditorium which can be used for a convention center and major cultural events.
o Develop a second municipal golf course.
(8) TRANSPORTATION
(a) THOROUGHFARES AND STREETS
Courses of Action
o Portions of the old Mamalahoa Highway, especially those serving Pepeekeo and Honomu, should be widened
to provide a secondary north-south route along the Hamakua coast.
o Major east-west collector roads between the old Mamalahoa Highway and the Belt Highway and those serving upper homestead areas should be widened and improved to all-weather standards.
o A marginal street or other means of handling ingress and egress, should be developed on the west side of Kanoelehua Avenue between Lanikaula and Piilani Streets to provide access to abutting properties.
o A realignment of the Saddle Road from the Forest Reserve boundary on the south side of Kaumana Drive and along the north side of Puainako Street, intersecting the present Puainako alignment at Kinoole Street and continuing to the intersection of Kanoelehua Avenue should be constructed. Limited access control is recommended with intersections at the major cross arterials serving the various areas of the city. Approximately 3-1/2 miles west of the Kanoelehua intersection on the Saddle Road, a secondary arterial acts as a continuation of Ponahawai Street.
o Widen Kilauea Avenue from Haihai Street to Ponahawai Street.
o A circumferential route should be constructed from the intersection of Stainback Highway and Volcano Road, through the Panaewa agricultural area, toward the airport industrial area, turning into the Kawili Street extension of the Kanoelehua Industrial Park, aligning with Iwalani Street and terminating at the Stainback Highway above the Volcano Road.
o A Saddle Road extension east of Kanoelehua should be the main route from the airport terminal for direct access to the business district.
o Ainako should extend across Kaumana Drive to meet the Mohouli extension to provide one of the major mauka cross-city connections.
o Widen Akolea Road to provide the uppermost cross-city connection from Piihonua to Kaumana and the upper reaches of Ainaola Drive.
o Kawailani Street should be extended from its upper terminal point across the realigned Saddle Road to Kaumana, thus providing an additional cross-town route.
(b) AIRPORTS AND HARBORS
Courses of Action
o Under the guidance of the Federal government, the State Department of Health should enforce and strengthen present pollution regulations.
o The State Department of Transportation should continue to improve facilities at Hilo Harbor to meet increased shipping activities.
o Future land uses in the vicinity of the General Lyman Field Airport should have an adequate open space buffer and/or be compatible with the anticipated aircraft noise exposure levels for that vicinity.
o The County shall pursue the implementation of an Air Cargo Distribution Center at the old Hilo Airport, the planning of which shall be coordinated with future development plans for Hilo Harbor.
o Encourage development of a small boat harbor for the area.
(9) LAND USE
(a) AGRICULTURE
Courses of Action
o The County shall provide for agricultural areas within proximity to the city for products consumed locally.
o Necessary capital shall be provided to agricultural areas.
o The County shall encourage buffer zones or compatible uses between agricultural and urban/residential areas.
o The County shall support the University of Hawaii at Hilo and aid in their development of programs which assist agriculture.
(b) COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Courses of Action
o Rehabilitation, renewal, and redevelopment of downtown Hilo must be undertaken. Continual improvement of other existing commercial areas must also be assured.
o Assistance to small businesses in obtaining loans and management education classes and manpower training programs shall be encouraged.
o Controls that discourage speculation shall be established.
o Appropriately located commercial zoned lands shall be allocated as the need arises.
o Commercial zoned lands in proximity to the University of Hawaii at Hilo shall be allocated as the need arises.
(c) INDUSTRIAL
Courses of Action
o Through its zoning powers, the County shall encourage the centralization of industrial activities in the Kanoelehua Industrial area. Noxious industries shall be located away from residential and related areas.
o The County shall identify sites suitable for future industrial activities.
o The County shall encourage the State and the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands to develop industrial zoned lands in the Kanoelehua Industrial area and airport industrial area.
o The County shall allocate appropriately zoned lands.
(d) MULTIPLE RESIDENTIAL
Courses of Action
o Re-evaluation of existing zoned areas and re-allocation of lands in appropriate locations shall be undertaken.
o Appropriately zoned lands shall be allocated as the need for multiple residential development increases.
(e) SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
Course of Action
o Improve substandard residential roadways through the County's Capital Improvement Program or by Improvement District.
(f) RESORT
Courses of Action
o Re-evaluate some of the areas currently zoned for resort use.
o Continue to improve roadways and sewer and water systems in all areas where high density resort uses are allowed.
C. NORTH HILO
(1) ECONOMIC
Courses of Action
o The County shall, in cooperation with other agencies, assist the further development of diversified agriculture in North Hilo. A program to expand diversified agriculture should be developed and implemented.
o The County shall work with community groups to search for alternative forms of employment.
o The County shall support efforts to stabilize and maintain the viability of the sugar industry.
(2) FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE
Course of Action
o Drainage systems proposed by the Hawaii County "Drainage Master Plan" for the Ookala and Laupahoehoe-Papaaloa areas shall be implemented to alleviate problems of runoff from higher elevations. These systems are designed to collect and divert surface runoff to the surrounding gulches.
(3) HOUSING
Courses of Action
o Encourage the sugar companies to continue assistance in providing their employees with suitable housing before phasing out of the rental housing market.
o Since the majority of the lower lands in this district are owned by the sugar companies, they should be
encouraged to also make lands available for the private market.
o Aid and encourage the development of a wide variety of housing for this area to achieve a diversity of socio-economic housing mix.
o Support the plantations' plans to centralize housing in certain areas.
o Coordinate and participate with the State and the sugar companies in providing for rural housing programs for low and moderate income families, "gap groups" and the elderly.
(4) PUBLIC FACILITIES
(a) EDUCATION
Courses of Action
o Improve pedestrian and vehicular access to the Laupahoehoe School complex.
o Encourage continual improvements to existing educational facilities.
(b) PROTECTIVE SERVICES
Course of Action
o Service facilities shall be improved to meet needs.
(c) GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS
Course of Action
o Expand/improve facilities as necessary.
(d) HEALTH AND SANITATION
Course of Action
o Maintenance of cemeteries shall be improved.
(5) PUBLIC UTILITIES
(a) WATER
Courses of Action
o Coordinate plans for new systems with the relocation program for plantation camps.
o Install a deep well pump which will be used to supplement the spring sources during dry spells.
o Replace old and deteriorating lines and storage facilities.
(6) RECREATION
Courses of Action
o Implement the Laupahoehoe Point Park master plan.
o Implement the boat launching ramp at Laupahoehoe Peninsula.
(7) TRANSPORTATION
(a) THOROUGHFARES AND STREETS
Courses of Action
o Improve mauka-makai county maintained homestead roads and encourage improvement of the non-county owned roads by the State of Hawaii or private subdivision.
o Improve certain portions, specifically the 3 gulches, of the Hawaii Belt Highway.
o Realignment of Hawaii Belt Highway at Kapehu Camp.
(b) AIRPORTS AND HARBORS
Course of Action
o Improve small boat ramp at Laupahoehoe, construct offshore protective structures, and provide for adequate parking.
(8) LAND USE
(a) AGRICULTURE
Courses of Action
o Encourage large landowners in the district to make
surplus important agricultural lands available for diversified agriculture.
o Assist in the further development of diversified agriculture in the district.
(b) COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Courses of Action
o Centralization of commercial activities in the Laupahoehoe-Papaaloa area shall be encouraged.
o Appropriately zoned lands shall be allocated as the need arises.
(c) INDUSTRIAL
Course of Action
o The County shall identify sites suitable for future industrial activities.
(d) MULTIPLE RESIDENTIAL
Course of Action
o Although the North Hilo district is not projected to witness any extensive need for multiple residential development, appropriately zoned lands shall be allocated should the need arise.
(e) SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
Courses of Action
o The County shall encourage the sugar company to make available on the private market its undeveloped residential zoned lands in Laupahoehoe.
o Due to geologic and topographic conditions, the County shall encourage more innovative types of housing developments, such as cluster and planned unit developments.
o Urban areas shall continue to be Ninole and Ookala as well as the Laupahoehoe-Papaaloa area.
(f) RESORT
Course of Action
o Encourage the development of small-scale visitor related facilities near points of interest.
D. HAMAKUA
(1) ECONOMIC
Courses of Action
o The County shall assist the further development of diversified agriculture in Hamakua and continue to cooperate with other appropriate agencies to provide the necessary services to assist agriculture. For example, the County can protect important agricultural land from urbanization through zoning. Capital improvement programs should be tied into enhancing agricultural areas.
o Although there is potential for limited visitor facilities in this area, the County shall allow development which will not detract from the natural beauty of the area.
o The County shall support efforts to stabilize and maintain the viability of the sugar industry.
(2) FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE
Courses of Action
o Drainage systems proposed by the Hawaii County "Drainage Master Plan" for the Waipio-Kukuihaele, Honokaa-Paauhau, and Paauilo-Kukaiau areas shall be implemented. These systems incorporate the construction of diversion channels above the communities which would collect and transport surface flows to surrounding gulches.
o A reduction in surface flows from agricultural and forest reserve land above the communities of the district is of prime concern. Proper soil conservation practices to reduce surface water and sediment runoff must be implemented. Examples of some of the practices include contour farming to reduce erosion and runoff, replanting with grass or woody vegetation in areas where vegetative cover has been destroyed, and providing protective cover for soil by
leaving trash and leaves on the fields, returning bagasse to fields or planting fast growing inter-row crops.
o The Waipio Valley area shall be kept open except for recreational and agricultural activities.
(3) HOUSING
Courses of Action
o Support the sugar company's plan to centralize housing in certain areas. This would not only minimize cost of services within the communities but would also maximize the efficiency of the available services.
o Aid and encourage the development of a wide variety of housing for this area to attain a diversity of socio-economic housing mix including elderly housing.
o Since much of the lands in and around the existing urban centers are owned by the sugar company, it should be encouraged to also make lands available for the private market.
o Encourage programs to rehabilitate and replace the existing housing stock, including consideration for self-help programs.
(4) PUBLIC FACILITIES
(a) EDUCATION
Courses of Action
o Encourage continual improvements to existing educational facilities.
o Encourage traffic re-routing to resolve school traffic problems.
o Implement the Honokaa school campus master plan.
o Encourage expansion of the present library facility and services.
(b) PROTECTIVE SERVICES
Course of Action
o Service facilities shall be improved to meet needs.
(c) GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS
Course of Action
o Multi-use buildings housing public office center facilities shall be encouraged in overall improvements and expansion plans.
(d) HEALTH AND SANITATION
Courses of Action
o Maintenance of the cemeteries shall be improved.
o Renovation and modernization of the Honokaa hospital building.
(5) PUBLIC FACILITIES
(a) WATER
Courses of Action
o Extend the water line from Kukaiau to Keehia.
o Extend Honokaa system toward Kukuihaele.
o Replace inadequate mains.
o Improve existing storage, transmission and distribution facilities.
o Develop Paauilo Exploratory Well into a production well.
(b) SEWER
Course of Action
o Complete and implement an on-going study to determine the feasibility of installing complete sewage treatment facilities in the town of Honokaa.
(6) RECREATION
Courses of Action
o Encourage close coordination between private and public recreation agencies.
o Encourage the recreational development of Waipio and Waimanu Valleys as natural and wilderness areas. Encourage the State to provide small recreation sites on the edge of Waipio Valley.
o Encourage the development of a general park in the Kaao-Ahualoa section of the Hamakua Forest Reserve, as recommended by the Hamakua community.
o Develop the former school lot in Ahualoa as a neighborhood park as the need arises.
o Develop a scenic park on the Kohala side of Hiilawe Falls after the completion of the scenic highway.
(7) TRANSPORTATION
(a) THOROUGHFARES AND STREETS
Courses of Action
o Provide for an industrial traffic connection leading from the sugar mill to the new highway alignment, separating this traffic from local traffic movement on Mamane Street.
o Construct a scenic highway from the Waipio Valley lookout extending mauka to connect to Mudlane Highway at the entrance of Waimea.
o Improve County maintained roads and encourage the improvement of non-county owned roads by the State of Hawaii or private subdivider.
o Close off Pakalana Street through Honokaa School.
o Provide a cross-town connection to Plumeria Street by extending Kamani Street.
o Provide a mauka-makai connection from the Kamani Street extension to Mamane Street on the Hilo side of the elderly housing.
o Eliminate the Milo Street extension on the Waipio side of Pakalana.
(8) LAND USE
(a) AGRICULTURE
Courses of Action
o Encourage large landowners in the district to make surplus important agricultural lands available for diversified agriculture.
o Assist in the further development of diversified agriculture in the district.
(b) COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Courses of Action
o Centralization of commercial activities in the Honokaa area shall be encouraged. Urban renewal of the area shall be undertaken.
o Suitable commercially zoned lands shall be provided as the need arises.
o The County shall encourage community beautification efforts.
(c) INDUSTRIAL
Courses of Action
o The County shall identify sites suitable for future industrial activity.
o The County shall encourage the rehabilitation of existing service-oriented industrial activities.
(d) MULTIPLE RESIDENTIAL
Course of Action
o Appropriately zoned lands shall be allocated as the need for multiple residential development increases.
(e) SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
Course of Action
o The County shall aid and encourage the sugar company to continue to make available on the private market its undeveloped single-family residential lands in Honokaa for employee housing and the private market.
(f) RESORT
Courses of Action
o Encourage the development of small family-operated hotels.
o Consider the small-scale retreat resort development.
o Encourage resort development which enhances the natural beauty of the area.
E. NORTH KOHALA
(1) ECONOMIC
Courses of Action
o The County shall aid the expansion of diversified agriculture in the district by providing direct and indirect assistance.
o Resort facilities compatible with the physical, social and economic goals of the residents of the district should be encouraged.
o The County shall work closely with the people of the district and with industry to plan alternative uses for the lands affected by the termination of sugar operations.
(2) FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE
Course of Action
o Drainage systems proposed by the Hawaii County "Drainage Master Plan" for the Hawi and Honomakau-Kapaau areas shall be implemented. These systems propose improvements to natural channels to increase their capacity. This, combined with the practice of proper soil conservation, is the solution to flood control and drainage problems within the district.
(3) HOUSING
Courses of Action
o Aid and encourage the development of a wide variety of housing for this area to attain a diversity of socio-economic housing mix including elderly housing.
o The County shall require that developments which create a demand for employee housing shall provide for that need.
o Encourage programs to rehabilitate and replace the existing housing stock, including consideration for self-help programs.
(4) PUBLIC FACILITIES
(a) EDUCATION
Courses of Action
o Encourage the expansion of the public school and library facilities as needs arises.
o Encourage joint use of facilities.
o Encourage continual improvements to existing educational facilities.
(b) PROTECTIVE SERVICES
Course of Action
o Service facilities shall be improved to meet needs.
(c) GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS
Course of Action
o Expand/improve facilities as necessary.
(d) HEALTH AND SANITATION
Course of Action
o Maintenance of the cemeteries shall be improved.
(5) PUBLIC UTILITIES
(a) WATER
Courses of Action
o Explore further sources for future needs.
o Improve and replace inadequate distribution mains and storage facilities.
o Encourage efforts to improve the Kohala ditch system and its use for agricultural purposes.
(6) RECREATION
Courses of Action
o Encourage the development of Pololu Valley as a recreation area with a minimum of man-made elements.
o Encourage the use of the total area of Kapaa Beach Park.
o Encourage the State to further develop the Lapakahi complex as a historic park, and establish a marine park.
o Recommend the expansion of small boat harbor facilities at Mahukona Harbor and multi-use recreation area on adjacent lands.
o Encourage the development of the Upolu Point area for recreation, including access to fishing areas.
(7) TRANSPORTATION
(a) THOROUGHFARES AND STREETS
Courses of Action
o Improve mountain route to Kohala.
o Improve road from Hawi to Niulii.
o Improve mauka-makai county maintained homestead roads and encourage improvement of the non-county owned roads by the State of Hawaii or private subdivision.
(b) AIRPORTS AND HARBORS
Course of Action
o Retain Upolu airfield for general aviation use.
(8) LAND USE
(a) AGRICULTURE
Courses of Action
o Assist in the further development of diversified agriculture in the district.
o Encourage the maintenance of and the more intensive utilization of the Kohala Ditch irrigation system for agricultural production.
o Support the development of private and State agricultural parks as a means of making agricultural land available for commercial agricultural activities.
(b) COMMERCIAL
Courses of Action
o The development of a commercial core shall be encouraged.
o Continual improvement of facilities shall be undertaken.
(c) INDUSTRIAL
Course of Action
o The County shall identify sites suitable for future industrial activity.
(d) MULTIPLE RESIDENTIAL
Course of Action
o Appropriately zoned lands shall be allocated as the need for multiple residential development increases.
(e) SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
Courses of Action
o The County shall encourage the concentration of residential structures to avoid strip residential development.
o The County shall aid and encourage industry to make available residential lands in the area for employee housing and the private market.
(f) RESORT
Courses of Action
o Consider possible development of resort facilities at Mahukona.
o Encourage the development of small family or "bread and breakfast" type hotels.
o Consider small-scale retreat resort development.
F. SOUTH KOHALA
(1) ECONOMIC
Courses of Action
o The County shall assist the development of agriculture in South Kohala by protecting important agricultural land from urbanization, by providing or having provided the necessary capital improvements, such as water, and by working cooperatively with other agencies.
o The County shall work closely with the State in providing adequate land close to Kawaihae Harbor for industrial activities.
o The diversity of climate, the quality of the ocean water and the natural beauty of the hills which create a back-drop for Waimea town are natural resources that have attracted scientific and educational activities and that may attract research industries to the district. These resources should be recognized as vital economic and social assets of the region and should be protected through appropriate regulations.
o Resort development in the district shall be in an orderly fashion and shall be consistent with the physical and social goals of the people of the area. The County may utilize tools such as incremental zoning to insure development that will best meet the needs of the County.
(2) FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE
Course of Action
o Drainage systems proposed by the Hawaii County "Drainage Master Plan" for the Kawaihae, Hapuna Bay-Puako, Pauoa Bay-Honokaope Bay, and Waimea areas
shall be implemented. These systems propose improvement to natural channels to increase their efficiency. These, combined with the practice of proper soil conservation with special emphasis put upon grassland and forestry management practices, would be the solution to flood control and drainage problems in the district.
(3) HOUSING
Courses of Action
o The County shall require that developments which create a demand for employee housing shall provide for the need.
o Aid and encourage the development of State lands in this area for housing for all socio-economic levels through leasehold or purchase.
o Aid and encourage the development of a wide variety of housing for this area to attain a diversity of socio-economic housing mix.
o Participate and coordinate housing programs for low and moderate income, "gap groups" and the elderly.
(4) PUBLIC FACILITIES
(a) EDUCATION
Courses of Action
o Encourage the expansion of the public school and library facilities as needs arises.
o Encourage joint use of facilities.
o Encourage continual improvements to existing educational facilities.
o Encourage the installation of walkways to and around schools and street crossing facilities for pedestrian safety.
o Department of Education shall develop a master plan for Waimea School which provides for an expanded intermediate school, improved access and parking areas.
o Department of Education shall initiate planning for a high school including site selection in South Kohala to meet regional growth needs.
o Encourage the development of State and private higher educational facilities in West Hawaii.
(b) PROTECTIVE SERVICES
Course of Action
o Service facilities shall be improved to meet needs.
(c) GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS
Courses of Action
o Expand/improve facilities as necessary.
o A civic center site shall be reserved at Waikoloa.
(d) HEALTH AND SANITATION
Course of Action
o Solid waste transfer site(s) shall be reserved at Waikoloa.
(5) PUBLIC UTILITIES
(a) WATER
Courses of Action
o Improve and replace inadequate distribution mains and steel tanks.
o Further efforts should be made to develop adequate quantities and acceptable quality of basal ground water at appropriately placed sites mauka of the shoreline.
o Additional sources for the Waimea System shall be investigated.
o Encourage expansion of sources and storage capacity for both the agricultural and domestic water systems.
(b) SEWER
Courses of Action
o Construct a Waimea sewerage system to provide sewer
service for the main part of Waimea and wastewater treatment facilities with an ultimate treatment capacity adequate for foreseeable growth. Consider water reclamation or subsurface type disposal.
o Construct a control facility in the Puako beach lot area to service flows by utilizing existing resort wastewater treatment facilities as a means of wastewater disposal.
o Construct a Kawaihae sewerage system to provide for residential and industrial growth in the area.
(6) RECREATION
Courses of Action
o Encourage the full implementation of the Hapuna Beach State Park Master Plan including Wailea Bay Area.
o Implement the Spencer Park development plan. Improve picnic facilities at Spencer Park.
o Reserve, acquire and develop additional public shoreline recreation areas in South Kohala.
o Encourage the establishment of neighborhood park reserves in the district.
o Ensure public use of and access to beach areas in South Kohala.
o Implement the development of the petroglyph fields at Puako as a historic park.
o Recommend the State to implement plans for small boat harbor facilities at Kawaihae.
o Develop and implement a master plan for Waimea Park to include basketball courts, improved parking and restrooms.
o Encourage the expansion of outdoor recreational areas around Waimea School.
o Playfields and four neighborhood playground sites shall be set aside within Waikoloa.
(7) TRANSPORTATION
(a) THOROUGHFARES AND STREETS
Courses of Action
o Improve mauka-makai county maintained homestead roads and encourage improvement of the non-county owned roads by the State of Hawaii or private subdivision.
o Implement construction of a Waimea by-pass road from Mudlane Highway to Mamalahoa Highway on the Kona side of Waimea.
o Implement construction of a new Waimea to Kawaihae road from Mamalahoa Highway to the Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway.
o Encourage the expansion of Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway as the need arises.
o Support the installation of suitable bikeways and/or jogging paths.
(b) AIRPORTS AND HARBORS
Courses of Action
o The State Department of Transportation should continue the use of the Waimea-Kohala airport as an inter-island facility serving North and South Kohala and Hamakua and should improve existing facilities to handle inter-island aircraft at maximum load capacity.
o The State Department of Transportation should continue to improve facilities at Kawaihae to meet increased shipping activities.
o Support the State Department of Transportation's plans to develop a small boat harbor at Kawaihae.
(8) LAND USE
(a) AGRICULTURE
Courses of Action
o Through zoning the County shall protect important agricultural lands from urban encroachment.
o Assist in the provision of water in agricultural areas.
o The County shall encourage buffer zones or compatible uses between important agricultural land and adjacent uses of land.
(b) COMMERCIAL
Courses of Action
o The establishment of Waimea as a regional commercial center for northern Hawaii shall be encouraged.
o Controls to insure orderly development and minimize speculation of commercially zoned lands may be established.
(c) INDUSTRIAL
Courses of Action
o The County shall encourage the development of a regional industrial park at Kawaihae and centralize limited industrial activities in Waimea.
o Industrial development should be in harmony with surrounding uses and the environment.
o The County shall identify sites suitable for future industrial activities.
(d) MULTIPLE RESIDENTIAL
Courses of Action
o Basic amenities shall be provided to those areas zoned for higher density use.
o Appropriately zoned lands shall be allocated as the need arises.
(e) SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
Course of Action
o Encourage the development of appropriately located and serviced State-owned, Hawaiian Home Lands and privately-held lands for houselots.
(f) RESORT
Course of Action
o Adequate access, sewer and water systems, and other basic amenities shall be provided in all areas where higher density uses are allowed.
G. NORTH KONA
(1) ECONOMIC
Courses of Action
o Resort development in the area shall be in balance with the social and physical goals as well as economic desires of the residents of the district. Necessary pollution controls should be available prior to development. Other necessary support facilities such as transportation and nursery facilities shall also be provided.
o The County, in order to achieve greater diversity and stability of the economy, shall assist in the further development of agriculture, including aquacultural activities, in North Kona. Necessary capital improvements which will aid agriculture, such as water, should be given priority for funding.
o The County shall continue to encourage development and utilization of by-products from the University of Hawaii's Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) project.
o The County should explore the possibility of encouraging a small resident college and other new industries in the area.
o The fishing and boating industry in Kona should be assisted by the County through a cooperative effort with State and Federal agencies.
o The natural beauty of the area should be recognized as a major economic and social asset. This resource should be protected through appropriate review processes when development is proposed.
(2) FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE
Courses of Action
o Drainage systems for the Keopu/Hienaloli, Waiaha, Kamalumalu and the Holualoa/Horseshoe Bend drainageways shall be developed and implemented. These systems, in addition to the installation and maintenance of proper soil and water conservation practices could alleviate the major flood control and drainage problems.
o Establish and maintain appropriate vegetative cover in high rainfall, sediment and debris producing areas.
(3) HOUSING
Courses of Action
o Since the lands in this district are sloped, the County shall encourage the use of cluster and planned unit developments which can take advantage of the topography.
o The County shall require that developments which create a demand for employee housing shall provide for that need.
o Aid and encourage the development of a wide variety of housing for this area to attain a diversity of socio-economic housing mix.
(4) PUBLIC FACILITIES
(a) EDUCATION
Courses of Action
o Implement the development of a new elementary school complex in central Kona.
o Encourage expansion of the Holualoa school complex to meet school district needs.
o Improve basic school facilities to meet current standards.
o Encourage site planning for a second high school to meet regional growth needs.
o Encourage construction of a new library facility to serve the Kailua-Keauhou area.
(b) PROTECTIVE SERVICES
Course of Action
o Service facilities shall be improved to meet needs.
(c) GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS
Courses of Action
o Expansion plans for the Kona public office center shall be undertaken.
o Consolidate county offices in one public office center.
o The County should designate a second urban center in West Hawaii to facilitate government services and centralize facilities.
o Provide services in West Hawaii as is feasible.
(d) HEALTH AND SANITATION
Courses of Action
o New privately owned cemetery sites to serve future needs shall be sought.
o A sanitary landfill operation with transfer station sites to serve the West Hawaii area shall be implemented.
(5) PUBLIC UTILITIES
(a) WATER
Courses of Action
o Pursue groundwater source investigation, exploration and development in areas that would provide for anticipated growth and that would provide for efficient and economic system operation.
o Increase the capacity of the booster pump stations as required.
o Improve the system along Alii Drive. Reservoirs to serve this area should be balanced with the Kailua and Keauhou reservoirs.
o Improve the size of the water line and provide an additional reservoir in the Keauhou area.
o Construct reservoirs as needed.
(b) SEWER
Courses of Action
o Construct a new wastewater treatment plant at
Kealakehe near Honokohau, provide sewage pumping station, force mains and interceptor sewers to handle existing and proposed wastewater flows.
o Construct wastewater pumping stations, force mains, and interceptor sewers along Alii Drive, between Keauhou and Kailua. The waste flow will be conveyed to the new wastewater treatment facility at Kealakehe.
(6) RECREATION
Courses of Action
o Encourage the development of community and district recreational facilities, a gymnasium and community center with easy access for residents.
o Encourage the development of Alii Drive within the Kailua Village area as a pedestrian mall with open space areas for passive recreation.
o Improve facilities at White Sand Beach and expand Kahaluu Beach Park.
o Implement the development of the Kailua Park (Old Kona Airport) as a major regional or district park.
o Reserve, acquire and develop additional public shoreline recreation areas in North Kona.
o Establish public access to and the development of shoreline regions along the North Kona Coast so as to provide recreational opportunities in areas such as Keawaiki, Kiholo Bay, Kaupulehu, Kukio and Kapapa Bays, Kua Bay, Kahoiawa, Makalawena, Mahaiula, and Honokohau.
o Protect the marine life at Kahaluu Bay.
o Protect Opaeula, Kaloko, and Honokohau (Aimakapa) Ponds as natural areas.
o Encourage the development of historic trails.
o Develop a municipal golf course.
o Encourage the establishment of a historic park at Kamoa Point and protect the historic sites.
o Encourage the acquisition and establishment of the summit area of Hualalai as a wilderness park.
(7) TRANSPORTATION
(a) THOROUGHFARES AND STREETS
Courses of Action
o Convert Kuakini Highway to limited access status.
o Construct Alii Highway from Kuakini Highway to Keauhou.
o Construct a new scenic road over the Hualalai Saddle.
o Construct a scenic drive from Keauhou above the Kealakekua cliffs to Napoopoo.
o Provide vertical connectors from Alii Drive to Kuakini Highway.
o Improve present Kona-Ka'u Road.
o Support the installation of suitable bikeways and/or jogging paths.
o Encourage the expansion of Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway as the need arises.
o Construct additional east-west connectors between the Hawaii Belt Highway and Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway.
o Construct a mid-elevation lateral connection between Palani Road and Ka'iminani Drive.
(b) AIRPORTS AND HARBORS
Courses of Action
o Future land uses in the vicinity of the Ke-ahole Airport should be of a compatible nature and/or be compatible with the anticipated aircraft noise exposure levels for that vicinity.
o Industrial acreage should be provided at Ke-ahole for support use.
o The State Department of Transportation should continue to improve and expand Ke-ahole Airport and terminal facilities to meet anticipated increases in air transport needs.
(8) LAND USE
(a) AGRICULTURE
Courses of Action
o The County shall protect important agricultural lands within the Kona Coffee Belt.
o The University of Hawaii at Hilo shall be encouraged to accelerate research on agricultural products which are or could be of economic value to Kona.
o Assist in the provision of water in agricultural areas.
o The County shall encourage buffer zones or compatible uses between important agricultural land and adjacent uses of land.
(b) COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Courses of Action
o Controls to prevent speculative practices on commercially zoned lands may be established.
o Implementation of programs to correct existing deficiencies shall be undertaken.
o Appropriately zoned lands shall be provided as the need arises.
(c) INDUSTRIAL
Courses of Action
o The County shall identify sites suitable for future industrial activities.
o Industrial acreage should be provided at Ke-ahole for support facilities for the airport.
o Industrial development should be in harmony with surrounding uses and the environment.
(d) MULTIPLE RESIDENTIAL
Courses of Action
o Re-evaluation of existing zoned areas and re-allocation of lands in appropriate locations shall be undertaken.
o Appropriately zoned lands shall be allocated as the need for multiple residential development increases.
(e) SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
Courses of Action
o Encourage the development of appropriately located and serviced privately-held and State-owned lands for houselots.
o Improve and develop roadways, water and sewerage systems, and other basic facilities necessary to encourage development of lands suitable for residential use.
o The County shall encourage the concentration of residential structures to avoid strip residential development.
o Due to geologic and topographic conditions, the County shall encourage the use of more innovative types of housing development, such as zones of mix and cluster and planned unit developments.
(f) RESORT
Courses of Action
o Discourage strip development along Alii Drive.
o Re-evaluate some of the areas currently zoned for resort use.
o Improve and provide adequate roadways, sewer and water systems, and other basic amenities in all areas where higher density uses are allowed.
H. SOUTH KONA
(1) ECONOMIC
Courses of Action
o The County shall assist the further development of agriculture by protecting important agricultural land from urbanization, by providing necessary resources, such as water, and through other assistance.
o Resort development in the area should not destroy the natural resources and historical significance of the area.
o The fishing industry in the South Kona should be assisted by the County through a cooperative effort with State and Federal agencies.
o The County should encourage ocean-based industries, such as aquaculture, in the area.
(2) FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE
Courses of Action
o Drainage recommendations proposed by the "South Kona Flood Hazard Analyses" for the Kealakekua, Napoopoo and Honaunau areas shall be implemented. These consist of diversions and catchments to collect and transport water and reduce peak flows from the upper watershed areas through the urban area. The practice of proper soil conservation measures and the improvement of existing drainage features complement these proposals.
o Establish and maintain appropriate vegetative cover in high rainfall, sediment and debris producing areas.
(3) HOUSING
Courses of Action
o The County shall provide assistance and encourage the State to negotiate with large landowners for land exchange or purchase to provide for those people who would be affected by the future plans of landowners.
o Since the lands in this district are sloped, the County shall encourage the use of innovative types of housing developments, such as cluster and planned unit developments, which take advantage of topographic conditions.
o Aid and encourage the development of a wide variety of housing for this area to attain a diversity of socio-economic housing mix.
(4) PUBLIC FACILITIES
(a) EDUCATION
Courses of Action
o Implement the development of a new elementary school complex in central Kona.
o Improve basic school facilities to meet current standards.
o Encourage site planning for a second high school to meet regional growth needs.
(b) PROTECTIVE SERVICES
Course of Action
o Service facilities shall be improved to meet needs.
(c) GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS
Courses of Action
o Expansion plans for the Kona public office center shall be undertaken.
o Consolidate county offices in one public office center.
o Provide services in West Hawaii as is feasible.
(d) HEALTH AND SANITATION
Courses of Action
o New privately owned cemetery sites to serve future needs shall be sought.
o A sanitary landfill operation with transfer station sites to serve the West Hawaii area shall be implemented.
(5) PUBLIC UTILITIES
(a) WATER
Courses of Action
o Pursue groundwater source investigation, exploration and development in areas that would provide for anticipated growth and that would provide for efficient and economic system operation.
o Increase the capacity of the booster pump stations as required.
o Increase capacity of the booster pump for the South Kona water system as the demand increases.
o Construct reservoirs as needed.
(b) SEWER
Courses of Action
o Insure the maintenance of the Class AA waters of Kealakekua Bay.
o The current methods of wastewater disposal in unsewered areas will continue in compliance with the state and county requirements. This includes cesspools in low density developments and individual aerobic treatment units in high density developments. They will be privately constructed, owned, and operated.
(6) RECREATION
Courses of Action
o Expand and/or develop recreational facilities in existing and urbanizing communities.
o Establish, in cooperation with the Department of Education, additional recreational facilities at Konawaena, Honaunau, and Hookena Schools.
o Encourage the development of a district recreation center with the cooperation of public and private agencies.
o Encourage the development of the coastal area for public recreational use.
o Encourage the development of a historic park at Kealakekua Bay and protect historic sites and scenic aspects of the area.
o Encourage the development of beach park reserves as natural areas and the improvement of existing beach parks.
o Recommend the further development of Honaunau Bay as a historic park with recreational opportunities.
o Recommend that Honomalino Bay become a beach reserve.
o Implement the development plans for Palemano Point and Hookena.
(7) TRANSPORTATION
(a) THOROUGHFARES AND STREETS
Courses of Action
o Construct a scenic drive from Keauhou above the Kealakekua cliffs to Napoopoo.
o Improve present Kona-Ka'u Road.
(8) LAND USE
(a) AGRICULTURE
Courses of Action
o The County shall protect important agricultural lands within the Kona Coffee Belt.
o The University of Hawaii at Hilo shall be encouraged to accelerate research on agricultural products which are or could be of economic value to Kona.
o Assist in the provision of water in agricultural areas.
o The County shall encourage buffer zones or compatible uses between important agricultural land and adjacent uses of land.
(b) COMMERCIAL
Courses of Action
o Centralize commercial activities in existing rural centers.
o Appropriately zoned lands shall be provided as the need arises.
(c) INDUSTRIAL
Courses of Action
o Through its zoning powers, the County shall encourage the centralization of industrial development in suitable areas in South Kona.
o The County shall identify sites suitable for future industrial activities.
(d) MULTIPLE RESIDENTIAL
Courses of Action
o Re-evaluation of existing zoned areas and re-allocation of lands in appropriate locations shall be undertaken.
o Appropriately zoned lands shall be allocated as the need for multiple residential development increases.
(e) SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
Courses of Action
o Encourage the development of appropriately located and serviced privately-held and State-owned lands for houselots.
o Improve and develop roadways, water and sewerage systems, and other basic facilities necessary to encourage development of lands suitable for residential use.
o The County shall encourage the concentration of residential structures to avoid strip residential development.
o Due to geologic and topographic conditions, the County shall encourage the use of more innovative types of housing development, such as zones of mix and cluster and planned unit developments.
(f) RESORT
Courses of Action
o Developments shall blend in with the character of the area.
o Require developers to provide the basic improvements necessary for development.
o Encourage the development of small family-operated hotels.
o Re-evaluate and if appropriate implement plans formulated in the West Hawaii Corridor Study.
I. KA'U
(1) ECONOMIC
Courses of Action
o Resort development in Ka'u shall be kept in balance with the social and physical environment of the area. Provisions for orderly development, housing, and pollution controls shall be implemented.
o The County shall assist the further development of agriculture in the area.
o The fishing industry, other ocean based industries, and aquaculture, located in Kau should be assisted by the County through a cooperative effort with State and Federal agencies.
o The County shall support efforts to stabilize and maintain the viability of the sugar industry.
o The natural beauty of the area should be recognized as a major economic and social asset. This resource should be protected through appropriate review processes when development is proposed.
o Preliminary to the consideration of any proposed space-related launch activities, the County shall require, in addition to standard EIS requirements, special impact assessments.
(2) FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE
Courses of Action
o Improve and upgrade existing flood control measures as necessary.
o Continue proper soil conservation measures to complement the existing systems.
o Investigate potential solutions to prevent the closure of the Hawaii Belt Road due to flooding.
(3) HOUSING
Courses of Action
o Aid and encourage the development of a wide variety of housing for this area in order to attain a diversity of housing mix.
o Encourage the sugar company to continue their assistance in providing employees with suitable housing before phasing out of the rental housing market.
o Since many of the lands in and around the existing communities are owned by the sugar company, they should be encouraged to make lands available for the private market.
o The County shall require that developments which create a demand for employee housing shall provide for that need.
(4) PUBLIC FACILITIES
(a) EDUCATION
Course of Action
o Encourage continual improvements to existing educational facilities.
(b) PROTECTIVE SERVICES
Courses of Action
o Fire protection service for more adequate coverage of Naalehu and Pahala shall be encouraged.
o The replacement of police facilities shall be encouraged.
o Consideration shall be given to a joint police-fire facility.
(c) GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS
Course of Action
o Expand/improve facilities as necessary.
(5) PUBLIC UTILITIES
(a) WATER
Courses of Action
o Provide additional source and storage capacity for the
currently serviced areas of Naalehu, Waiohinu and Pahala.
o Pursue groundwater source investigation, exploration and development.
(b) SEWER
Course of Action
o Work closely with C. Brewer to insure the development of adequate sewerage treatment facilities.
(6) RECREATION
Courses of Action
o Encourage the development of a swimming facility and instructional program in Naalehu.
o Develop parks in subdivisions in the Kahuku area commensurate with population growth.
o Encourage the establishment of the Punaluu-Ninole Springs region as a recreation area.
o Encourage the Department of Hawaiian Homes Lands to develop the South Point area for recreational opportunities. The Kamaoa park site could be utilized as a camping park.
o Recommend the development of Kaaluala Bay as a remote camping-beach park.
o Encourage the State Division of Forestry and Wildlife to develop wilderness recreation uses of the Kapua-Manuka Forest Reserve.
o Encourage the restoration of Ninole Pond as a recreation area.
(7) TRANSPORTATION
(a) THOROUGHFARES AND STREETS
Courses of Action
o Improve hazardous sections of the major highway, realigning where necessary.
o Install culverts and construct drainage channels and other related improvements.
o Improve substandard subdivision roads.
(b) AIRPORTS AND HARBORS
Course of Action
o Provide for general aviation and small boat harbor facilities and launching activities as the need arises.
(8) LAND USE
(a) AGRICULTURE
Courses of Action
o Assist in the provision of water in agricultural areas.
o Encourage and support the expansion of diversified agriculture and the macadamia nut industry in the district.
(b) COMMERCIAL
Course of Action
o Centralization of commercial activity in the communities of Pahala and Naalehu and in the area of the Volcanoes National Park shall be encouraged.
(c) INDUSTRIAL
Course of Action
o The County shall identify sites suitable for future industrial activities.
(d) MULTIPLE RESIDENTIAL
Course of Action
o Appropriately zoned lands shall be allocated as the need for multiple residential development increases.
(e) SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
Course of Action
o The County shall aid and encourage the sugar company to make available single-family zoned lands at Pahala and Naalehu for employee housing and for the private market.
(f) RESORT
Courses of Action
o Require developers to provide the basic improvements necessary for development.
o The development of visitor accommodations and any resort development in Ka'u shall complement the character of the area.
o The County shall encourage the development of small family or "bed and breakfast" type visitor accommodations.
SECTION 6. Amendment Procedures. Pursuant to subsection 3-16(c) Hawaii County Charter, the following amendment procedures for the General Plan are established:
A. Amendment pursuant to comprehensive review.
(1) Within 45 days of a ten-year lapse from the date of adoption of the County General Plan, the Planning Director shall, upon notification to the County Council, initiate the comprehensive review required of and by the General Plan.
(2) In proceeding with the comprehensive review, the Planning Director shall give notice of the comprehensive review to the Planning Commisssion, Council, and the general public. The notice shall state:
(a) The general scope of review;
(b) The ability for the Public and Council to provide their input to the Planning Director within 45 days after the date of the notification.
(3) Upon receipt of suggestions from the public, the Planning Director shall review the General Plan, the assumptions upon which the policies were drawn, including the suggestions for change. Within 90 days the Planning Director may propose draft amendments, and shall give notification to the County Council and the public of any proposed amendments.
(4) Within 30 days of notification of proposed amendments, the Planning Director shall conduct a public workshop on proposed amendments prior to submitting it to the Planning Commission, and shall allow the public an opportunity to provide comments on the proposed amendments through an additional 30 day period.
(5) The Planning Director, within 30 days of the completion of the public review period, shall initiate and forward proposed amendments to the Planning Commission for its review and recommendation.
(6) Within sixty days of receipt of the Planning Director's proposed amendment(s), the Planning Commission shall hold a public hearing on the proposed amendment(s). During the hearing and based on public testimony received, the Planning Commission may request the Planning Director to consider specific modification to any proposed amendment or to initiate within sixty days any new proposed amendment. If the Planning Director modifies a proposed amendment or initiates a new proposed amendment upon the Planning Commission's request, the Planning Commission shall hold further hearing on such matters, together with any proposed amendment originally submitted. Within sixty days of the conclusion of the public hearing, the Planning Commission shall submit to the Council its comments and recommendation on any proposed amendment initiated by the Planning Director.
(7) The Council shall review the Planning Commission's recommendation and act on the Planning Director's proposals. The Council shall request the Planning Director to consider its specific modifications to any proposed amendment or to initiate a new proposed amendment. Within 60 days of the request, the Planning Director shall forward to the Planning Commission either a recommendation for a denial, modification to a proposed amendment or shall initiate the new proposed amendment.
(8) A public hearing on the proposed revisions and/or recommendations by the Planning Director shall be conducted by the Planning Commission within 60 days of its receipt from the Planning Director. Within 60 days of the closing of the public hearing, the Planning Commission shall forward the Director's proposed modifications, amendments, and recommendation together with its recommendations to the County Council for their action.
(9) Failure by the Planning Commission or the Planning Director to respond within the designated time period shall not preclude the Council from acting on its proposed amendments.
(10) During the comprehensive General Plan review, the Planning Director may defer action to any petition to amend the General Plan filed pursuant to section 6 B. and on any request to study a proposed General Plan amendment submitted pursuant to section 6 B(3). However, any deferral by the Planning Director shall not extend beyond a period of one year and, in any case, shall not extend beyond the completion date of the comprehensive review as set forth in section 6 A.
B. Interim amendments.
(1) Members of the general public, the Council, and the Planning Director may propose or initiate, as the case may be, amendments to the General Plan at any time other than during the comprehensive review period.
(2) Members of the general public may propose amendment to the General Plan goals, policies, and standards by filing a written petition with the Planning Director. In addition, the property owner may, by similar petition, propose an amendment to the land use pattern allocation map covering land held by that property owner. For purposes of this section, "property owner" means a person having an interest in title to the affected land and includes the holder of a lease interest in the affected land, where such lease interest is not due to expire until after ten years following the date of the filing of the petition.
(a) A petition to amend the General Plan shall be filed with the Planning Director and shall include:
(1) A filing fee of $l00 to cover the administrative costs of processing the petition;
(2) A statement of the nature of the petitioner's interest;
(3) A draft of the language of the proposed amendment;
(4) An environmental impact statement;
(5) A statement of the reasons for granting the proposed change, supported by a written, documented analysis of the General Plan and using all pertinent elements upon which the General Plan is based; and
(6) Graphs, plot plan, and other supportive information.
(b) Upon receipt of a properly filed and completed petition, the Planning Director shall have one hundred eighty days in which to study the petition to take one of the following actions:
(1) Recommend the approval of the petition, stating the reasons for such approval; or
(2) Recommend the denial of the petition, stating the reasons for such denial.
(c) In the event the Planning Director recommends the approval of the petition, the Planning Commission shall hold a public hearing on the petition within sixty days of the date of recommendation. Within sixty days after the close of the hearing, the Planning Commission shall forward its comments and recommendation to the Council.
(d) If the Planning Director recommends the denial of the petition, the Planning Commission shall hold a public hearing on the petition within sixty days of the date of recommendation. Within sixty days after the close of the hearing, the Planning Commission shall forward its comments and recommendation to the Council. Upon receipt of the Planning Commission's recommendation, the Council may, within thirty days, consider the petition upon a two-thirds vote of the entire membership of the Council. If the petition is not considered by the Council within the thirty-day period, the Planning Director shall certify the petition to be officially denied. The proposed amendment shall be adopted upon two-thirds vote of the entire membership of the Council.
(e) If a petition is officially denied, the same or a substantially similar petition may not be submitted for consideration within one year following such denial, unless the petitioner submits significant new data or additional reasons which the Planning Director may find to be a sufficient basis for the petition to be considered.
(3) The Council may initiate amendments to the General Plan pursuant to the following procedure:
(a) The Council may, by resolution, require the Planning Director or, when appropriate, another qualified body to conduct a study to determine the feasibility of a proposed amendment.
(b) The Planning Director or the qualified body shall have one hundred eighty days or a longer period, as may be agreed to by the Council, to submit a completed feasibility study to the Council.
(c) Upon receipt of the feasibility study, the Council shall have sixty days to review and act on the study. The Council may, by resolution, direct the Planning Director to initiate the proposed amendment. The Planning Director shall then initiate the proposed amendment in the manner applicable to a petition in accordance with sections 6 B(2)(c) and 6 B(2)(d). If the Council does not direct the Planning Director to initiate the proposed amendment, the same or substantially similar proposal may not be considered within one year following the end of the Council's sixty-day review.
(4) The Planning Director shall initiate proposed amendments to the General Plan in the manner applicable to amendments proposed during the comprehensive General Plan review, as set forth in section 6 A(2), except with regard to those provisions relating solely to the comprehensive review.
C. Rules and Regulations. The Planning Director shall promulgate rules and regulations to implement this procedure.
SECTION 7. Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide Map. The Land Use Allocation Guide Map for the Island of Hawaii, referenced as Exhibit "A", and incorporating by reference the amendments indicated by Hawaii County Ordinance 87-128, referenced as Exhibit "D" and by Hawaii County Ordinance 88-118, referenced as Exhibit "E" is hereby adopted.
SECTION 8. Facilities Map. The Facilities Map for each of the nine districts of the Island of Hawaii is hereby adopted as referenced to as Exhibit "B".
SECTION 9. General Plan Support Document. In order to provide the basis for the various Council policies, statement of development objectives, standards and principles, as stated in Section 4 of this ordinance, the Hawaii County General Plan Support Document is hereby adopted as referenced to as Exhibit "C".
SECTION l0. Repeal. Ordinance No. 439 as amended by Ordinance Nos. 456, 475, 484, 538, 76l, 822, 85l, 854, 868, 878, 83-20, 83-27, 84-40, 87-49, 87-52, and 87-68 of the continuing ordinances of the County of Hawaii is hereby repealed, as are the above-noted ordinances that have amended Ordinance No. 439.
SECTION l1. Severability. If any provision of this ordinance or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of the ordinance which can be given without the invalid provision or application, and to this end, the provisions of this ordinance are declared to be severable.
SECTION l2. Effective Date. This Ordinance shall take effect upon its approval.
INTRODUCED BY:
COUNCIL MEMBER, COUNTY OF HAWAII
Hilo, Hawaii
Date of Introduction: October 4, 1989
Date of 1st Reading: October 4, 1989
Date of 2nd Reading: November 1, 1989
Effective Date: November 14, 1989
County of Hawaii: 1989 General Plan